Implications of Gravitational-wave Production from Dark Photon Resonance to Pulsar-timing Observations and Effective Number of Relativistic Species

Abstract

The coherent oscillation of axionic fields naturally drives copious production of dark photon particles in the early universe, due to resonance and tachyonic enhancement. During the process, energy is abruptly transferred from the former to the latter, sourcing gravitational wave generation. The resulting gravitational waves are eventually to be observed as stochastic background today. We report analytical results of this production and connect them to the recent pulsar-timing results by the NANOGrav collaboration. We show an available parameter space, around the mass $m_{\varphi }\sim 10^{-13}\mathrm{eV}$ and the decay constant $f_{\varphi }\sim 10^{16}\mathrm{GeV}$ with a dimensionless coupling of $\mathcal{O}(1)$, for our mechanism to account for the signal. A mechanism to avoid the axion over-dominating the universe is a necessary ingredient of this model, and we discuss a possibility to recover a symmetry and render the axion massless after the production. We also comment on potential implications of the required effective number of relativistic species to the determination of the present Hubble constant.

arXiv comment13 pages, 2 figures. Minor changes, citation additions. Version to be published in Physical Review D

References in corpus (139)

• Towards the Theory of Reheating After Inflation
• String Axiverse
• The trouble with $H_0$
• Cosmological Signature of New Parity-Violating Interactions
• Exploring the String Axiverse with Precision Black Hole Physics
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• New Parallaxes of Galactic Cepheids from Spatially Scanning the Hubble Space Telescope: Implications for the Hubble Constant
• European Pulsar Timing Array Limits On An Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
• The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Project
• Planck 2015 results. XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity
• Structure of Resonance in Preheating after Inflation
• Planck 2013 Results. XXIV. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity
• The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves
• Science with the space-based interferometer LISA. IV: Probing inflation with gravitational waves
• Gravitational Waves Probe the Coalescence Rate of Massive Black Hole Binaries
• The NANOGrav 11-year Data Set: Pulsar-timing Constraints On The Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background
• Low-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Black Hole Binaries: Predictions for LISA and Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Gravitational Waves From a Dark (Twin) Phase Transition
• Large Nongaussianity in Axion Inflation
• Gauge Field Production in Axion Inflation: Consequences for Monodromy, non-Gaussianity in the CMB, and Gravitational Waves at Interferometers
• Gravitational wave stochastic background from cosmic (super)strings
• Naturally inflating on steep potentials through electromagnetic dissipation
• A Clockwork Axion
• Particle production during inflation and gravitational waves detectable by ground-based interferometers
• Probing the early universe with inflationary gravitational waves
• Cosmological evolution of cosmic string loops
• Chromo-Natural Inflation: Natural inflation on a steep potential with classical non-Abelian gauge fields
• Parity violation in the Cosmic Microwave Background from a pseudoscalar inflaton
• Ultra-Low Frequency Gravitational Radiation from Massive Black Hole Binaries
• Relic Abundance of Dark Photon Dark Matter
• Large parallel cosmic string simulations: New results on loop production
• Phenomenology of a Pseudo-Scalar Inflaton: Naturally Large Nongaussianity
• Realizing the relaxion from multiple axions and its UV completion with high scale supersymmetry
• Gravitational waves at interferometer scales and primordial black holes in axion inflation
• Dark Photon Dark Matter Produced by Axion Oscillations
• Gauge field production in SUGRA inflation: local non-Gaussianity and primordial black holes
• New limits on cosmic strings from gravitational wave observation
• Gravitational Waves from Warped Spacetime
• Dark, Cold, and Noisy: Constraining Secluded Hidden Sectors with Gravitational Waves
• A Clockwork Theory
• Gauge-preheating and the end of axion inflation
• Gravity waves and non-Gaussian features from particle production in a sector gravitationally coupled to the inflaton
• Vector dark matter production at the end of inflation
• From NANOGrav to LIGO with metastable cosmic strings
• Scale-dependent gravitational waves from a rolling axion
• Magnetogenesis from axion inflation
• Gauge Fields and Inflation: Chiral Gravitational Waves, Fluctuations and the Lyth Bound
• Primordial Gravitational Waves from Axion-Gauge Fields Dynamics
• Non-Gaussianities and chiral gravitational waves in natural steep inflation
• Perturbations in Chromo-Natural Inflation
• Detection of gravitational waves from the QCD phase transition with pulsar timing arrays
• Stability analysis of chromo-natural inflation and possible evasion of Lyth's bound
• Hearing the signals of dark sectors with gravitational wave detectors
• QCD-Electroweak First-Order Phase Transition in a Supercooled Universe
• The photo-philic QCD axion
• Primordial gravitational waves for universality classes of pseudoscalar inflation
• Gravitational waves from gauge preheating
• Can slow roll inflation induce relevant helical magnetic fields?
• The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Project: Second data release
• Finding the chiral gravitational wave background of an axion-SU(2) inflationary model using CMB observations and laser interferometers
• Consistent generation of magnetic fields in axion inflation models
• Constraining axion inflation with gravitational waves from preheating
• Gauge Field and Fermion Production during Axion Inflation
• Gravitational Waves from Supercool Axions
• Blue Tensor Spectrum from Particle Production during Inflation
• Axion Inflation with an SU(2) Gauge Field: Detectable Chiral Gravity Waves
• Opening up the QCD axion window
• The Supercooled Universe
• An inflationary model with small scalar and large tensor nongaussianities
• Rolling axions during inflation: perturbativity and signatures
• Large Tensor Non-Gaussianity from Axion-Gauge Fields Dynamics
• Stochastic gravitational waves from cosmic string loops in scaling
• Interacting radiation after Planck and its implications for the Hubble Tension
• Constraining axion inflation with gravitational waves across 29 decades in frequency
• Measurement of Parity Violation in the Early Universe using Gravitational-wave Detectors
• Peccei-Quinn Phase Transition at LIGO
• PBH dark matter from axion inflation
• Primordial black holes and associated gravitational waves in axion monodromy inflation
• Cosmological Phase Transitions in Warped Space: Gravitational Waves and Collider Signatures
• Axion inflation with gauge field production and primordial black holes
• A numerical study of pseudoscalar inflation with an axion-gauge field coupling
• Baryon Asymmetry and Gravitational Waves from Pseudoscalar Inflation
• Gravitational waves from a supercooled electroweak phase transition and their detection with pulsar timing arrays
• Parity violation in the CMB bispectrum by a rolling pseudoscalar
• Lattice formulation of axion inflation. Application to preheating
• Audible Axions
• Chiral Anomaly, Schwinger Effect, Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, and application to axion inflation
• Detection of eccentric supermassive black hole binaries with pulsar timing arrays: Signal-to-noise ratio calculations
• Universal Constraints on Axions from Inflation
• Gravitational wave probes of axion-like particles
• Chiral Primordial Gravitational Waves from Dilaton Induced Delayed Chromo-natural Inflation
• On the validity of the perturbative description of axions during inflation
• Tensor Non-Gaussianity from Axion-Gauge-Fields Dynamics : Parameter Search
• Gauge-flation trajectories in Chromo-Natural Inflation
• Backreaction of electromagnetic fields and the Schwinger effect in pseudoscalar inflation magnetogenesis
• Observational Constraints on Gauge Field Production in Axion Inflation
• Cosmological abundance of the QCD axion coupled to hidden photons
• Parity-violating CMB correlators with non-decaying statistical anisotropy
• Gauge-flation confronted with Planck
• Low-Energy Effective Field Theory for Chromo-Natural Inflation
• Cosmological Phase Transition of Spontaneous Confinement
• Gravitational Waves and the Scale of Inflation
• Dissipative Axial Inflation
• Chromo-Natural Model in Anisotropic Background
• Dynamics of Relaxed Inflation
• Thermalized Axion Inflation
• Non-Gaussianity from Axion-Gauge Fields Interactions during Inflation
• A more attractive scheme for radion stabilization and supercooled phase transition
• Does the detection of primordial gravitational waves exclude low energy inflation?
• Emerging chromo-natural inflation
• Testing statistics of the CMB B-mode polarization toward unambiguously establishing quantum fluctuation of vacuum
• Nonlinear perturbations from axion-gauge fields dynamics during inflation
• Scale-invariant Helical Magnetic Fields from Inflation
• Parity Violating Statistical Anisotropy
• Resonant conversions of QCD axions into hidden axions and suppressed isocurvature perturbations
• Oscillating Chiral Tensor Spectrum from Axionic Inflation
• Nonlinear perturbations from the coupling of the inflaton to a non-Abelian gauge field, with a focus on Chromo-Natural Inflation
• Trajectories with suppressed tensor-to-scalar ratio in Aligned Natural Inflation
• New confining force solution of QCD axion domain wall problem
• Chromo-Natural Inflation in the Axiverse
• Inflationary magnetogenesis with added helicity: constraints from non-gaussianities
• Enhanced photon coupling of ALP dark matter adiabatically converted from the QCD axion
• Gravitational waves from kinks on infinite cosmic strings
• Feeding your Inflaton: Non-Gaussian Signatures of Interaction Structure
• Mixed Non-Gaussianity from Axion-Gauge Field Dynamics
• Preheating and Entropy Perturbations in Axion Monodromy Inflation
• Phase Transitions in Twin Higgs Models
• Primordial Black Holes Formation from Particle Production during Inflation
• Resonant magnetogenesis from axions
• Chiral primordial blue tensor spectra from the axion-gauge couplings
• Tensor Spectra Templates for Axion-Gauge Fields Dynamics during Inflation
• Viable inflationary magnetogenesis with helical coupling
• Slow-roll trajectories in Chromo-Natural and Gauge-flation Models, an exhaustive analysis
• Inflationary magnetogenesis with helical coupling
• V-mode Polarization in Axion Inflation and Preheating
• Chiral gravitational waves and primordial black holes in UV-protected Natural Inflation
• Correlation functions of sourced gravitational waves in inflationary scalar vector models. A symmetry based approach
• Non-minimally Coupled Pseudoscalar Inflaton
• Axion production from primordial magnetic fields

Cited by in corpus (26)

• Has NANOGrav found first evidence for cosmic strings?
• Implications of the NANOGrav results for inflation
• The recent gravitational wave observation by pulsar timing arrays and primordial black holes: the importance of non-gaussianities
• Inflationary interpretation of the stochastic gravitational wave background signal detected by pulsar timing array experiments
• Primordial gravitational waves from NANOGrav: a broken power-law approach
• Constraining the primordial black hole scenario with Bayesian inference and machine learning: the GWTC-2 gravitational wave catalog
• Primordial gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz regime and PTA data -- towards solving the GW inverse problem
• Blue-tilted inflationary tensor spectrum and reheating in the light of NANOGrav results
• Modeling and searching for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight vector bosons
• Gravitational Waves from SMBH Binaries in Light of the NANOGrav 15-Year Data
• Multi-messenger Probes of Inflationary Fluctuations and Primordial Black Holes
• Gravitational Waves and Dark Photon Dark Matter from Axion Rotations
• Vector dark matter production from inflation with symmetry breaking
• Escape from supercooling with or without bubbles: gravitational wave signatures
• Nano-Hz gravitational wave signature from axion dark matter
• Testing clockwork axion with gravitational waves
• Audible Axions with a Booster: Stochastic Gravitational Waves from Rotating ALPs
• Gravitational Waves from an Axion-Dark Photon System: A Lattice Study
• NANOGrav Hints on Planet-Mass Primordial Black Holes
• Pulsar Timing Residual induced by Wideband Ultralight Dark Matter with Spin 0, 1, 2
• Dark photon dark matter from charged inflaton
• Implications of Gravitational Waves for Supersymmetric Grand Unification
• Resonant production of dark photons from axion without a large coupling
• Non-thermally trapped inflation by tachyonic dark photon production
• Supercooled Audible Axions
• Gravitational wave complementarity and impact of NANOGrav data on gravitational leptogenesis: cosmic strings