Anisotropic Scalar Field Dark Energy with a Disformally Coupled Yang-Mills Field

Abstract

In the context of scalar-tensor theories, the inclusion of new degrees of freedom coupled non-minimally to the gravitational sector might produce some appealing effects on the cosmic expansion history. We investigate this premise by including a canonical SU(2) Yang- Mills field to the total energy budget of the universe coupled to the standard quintessential field by a disformal transformation. From the dynamical system analysis, we study three cases of cosmological interest that span most of the physical phase space of the model: the uncoupled limit, the isotropic, and the Abelian cases. New scaling solutions with a non-vanishing gauge field are found in all cases which can be interesting for early cosmological scenarios. Some of these scaling solutions even exhibit anisotropic features. Also, the background evolution of the universe is studied by means of numerical analysis. As an interesting result, the disformal coupling changes the equation of state of the gauge field from radiation to matter at some stages of the evolution of the universe, thereby the gauge field can contribute to some fraction of the total dark matter. We have also quantified the redshift-dependent contribution of the gauge field in the form of dark radiation during the radiation era to the effective number of relativistic species. This depends essentially on the initial conditions and, more importantly, on the disformal coupling function.

LaTeX file in jcappub style, 40 pages, 11 figures. v2: some cosmetic changes and new references added. v3 and v4: more changes to add clarity to the paper and new material added. Conclusions unchanged. v5: version to appear in International Journal of Modern Physics D

References in corpus (34)

• Cosmology and the Fate of Dilatation Symmetry
• Resummation of Massive Gravity
• The trouble with $H_0$
• Horndeski theory and beyond: a review
• Exploring gravitational theories beyond Horndeski
• Inflationary Universe with Anisotropic Hair
• Vector Inflation
• Coupled and Extended Quintessence: theoretical differences and structure formation
• Inflationary cosmology and the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe in non-minimal Yang-Mills-$F(R)$ gravity and non-minimal vector-$F(R)$ gravity
• Dark Interactions and Cosmological Fine-Tuning
• Anisotropic Dark Energy: Dynamics of Background and Perturbations
• Can a vector field be responsible for the curvature perturbation in the Universe?
• Anisotropic Inflation from Vector Impurity
• Constraints on a Bianchi type I spacetime extension of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model
• Testing the Isotropy of the Universe with Type Ia Supernovae
• Interacting radiation after Planck and its implications for the Hubble Tension
• Disformal couplings and the dark sector of the universe
• Anisotropic non-Gaussianity from vector field perturbations
• Chameleon dark energy models with characteristic signatures
• Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory
• Generalized multi-Proca fields
• Late universe dynamics with scale-independent linear couplings in the dark sector
• Distinguishing between Neutrinos and time-varying Dark Energy through Cosmic Time
• Testing the isotropy of the Universe with type Ia supernovae in a model-independent way
• On the stability and causality of scalar-vector theories
• Assisted coupled quintessence
• Generalized SU(2) Proca theory reconstructed and beyond
• The different varieties of the Suyama-Yamaguchi consistency relation and its violation as a signal of statistical inhomogeneity
• Disformal quintessence
• Constant-roll inflation in the generalized SU(2) Proca theory
• Anisotropic solid dark energy
• Disformal vectors and anisotropies on a warped brane
• Towards the extended SU(2) Proca theory
• The Ellipsoidal Universe and the Hubble tension

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Anisotropic $k$-essence
• Structure formation in an anisotropic universe: Eulerian perturbation theory
• Conformally and Disformally Coupled Vector field Models of Dark Energy
• Anisotropic power-law inflation for models of non-canonical scalar fields non-minimally coupled to a two-form field
• Dynamical Shortcomings in the Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory: Challenges for Cosmic Acceleration
• Vector dark radiation and gravitational-wave polarization
• Horndeski in motion
• An effective fluid description of scalar-vector-tensor theories under the sub-horizon and quasi-static approximations