The interacting vacuum and tensions: a comparison of theoretical models

Abstract

We analyse three interacting vacuum dark energy models with the aim of exploring whether the $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions can be simultaneously resolved in such models. We present the first ever derivation of the covariant gauge-invariant perturbation formalism for the interacting vacuum scenario, and, for the sub-class of geodesic cold dark matter models, connect the evolution of perturbation variables in this approach to the familiar cosmological observables. We show how $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ evolve in three interacting vacuum models: firstly, a simple linear coupling between the vacuum and cold dark matter; secondly, a coupling which mimics the behaviour of a Chaplygin gas; and finally a coupling which mimics the Shan--Chen fluid dark energy model. We identify, if any, the regions of parameter space which would correspond to a simultaneous resolution of both tensions in these models. When constraints from observational data are added, we show how all the models described are constrained to be close to their $\Lambda$CDM limits.

23 pages, 8 figures, version 2 matches published version in PDU

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• Multidimensionality of the Hubble tension: the roles of ${\Omega }_m$ and ${\omega }_c$
• Combining pre- and post-recombination new physics to address cosmological tensions: case study with varying electron mass and sign-switching cosmological constant
• Planck-PR4 anisotropy spectra show (better) consistency with General Relativity
• III. Interacting Dark Energy: Summary of Models, Pathologies, and Constraints
• II. Non-Linear Interacting Dark Energy: Analytical Solutions and Theoretical Pathologies
• Dark sector interactions in the $w\to -1$ limit: velocity locking in pure momentum exchange models