A common explanation of the Hubble tension and anomalous cold spots in the CMB

Abstract

The standard cosmological paradigm narrates a reassuring story of a universe currently dominated by an enigmatic dark energy component. Disquietingly, its universal explaining power has recently been challenged by, above all, the $\sim 4\sigma$ tension in the values of the Hubble constant. Another, less studied anomaly is the repeated observation of integrated Sachs-Wolfe imprints $\sim 5\times$ stronger than expected in the $\Lambda$CDM model from R>100 $Mpc/h$ super-structures. Here we show that the inhomogeneous AvERA model of emerging curvature is capable of telling a plausible albeit radically different story that explains both observational anomalies without dark energy. We demonstrate that while stacked imprints of R>100 $Mpc/h$ supervoids in cosmic microwave background temperature maps can discriminate between the AvERA and $\Lambda$CDM models, their characteristic differences may remain hidden using alternative void definitions and stacking methodologies. Testing the extremes, we then also show that the CMB Cold Spot can plausibly be explained in the AvERA model as an ISW imprint. The coldest spot in the AvERA map is aligned with multiple low-$z$ supervoids with R>100 $Mpc/h$ and central underdensity ${\delta }_0\approx -0.3$, resembling the observed large-scale galaxy density field in the Cold Spot area. We hence conclude that the anomalous imprint of supervoids may well be the canary in the coal mine, and existing observational evidence for dark energy should be re-interpreted to further test alternative models.

16 pages, 9 figures, accepted by MNRAS

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• From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
• The DES view of the Eridanus supervoid and the CMB Cold Spot
• Evidence for a high-z ISW signal from supervoids in the distribution of eBOSS quasars
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