The Gravitational Lensing Signatures of BOSS Voids in the Cosmic Microwave Background

Abstract

We report a $5.3\sigma$ detection of the gravitational lensing effect of cosmic voids from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic (BOSS) Data Release 12 seen in the $Planck$ 2018 cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing convergence map. To make this detection, we introduce new optimal techniques for void stacking and filtering of the CMB maps, such as binning voids by a combination of their observed galaxy density and size to separate those with distinctive lensing signatures. We calibrate theoretical expectations for the void-lensing signal using mock catalogs generated in a suite of 108 full-sky lensing simulations from Takahashi et al. (2017). Relative to these templates, we measure the lensing amplitude parameter in the data to be $A_L=1.10\pm 0.21$ using a matched-filter stacking technique, and confirm it using an alternative Wiener filtering method. We demonstrate that the result is robust against thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich contamination and other sources of systematics. We use the lensing measurements to test the relationship between the matter and galaxy distributions within voids, and show that the assumption of linear bias with a value consistent with galaxy clustering results is discrepant with observation at $\sim 3\sigma$; we explain why such a result is consistent with simulations and previous results, and is expected as a consequence of void selection effects. We forecast the potential for void-CMB lensing measurements in future data from the Advanced ACT, Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 experiments, showing that, for the same number of voids, the achievable precision improves by a factor of more than two compared to $Planck$.

20 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables; addressed minor comments from the reviewer; accepted for publication in ApJ

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• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: curved-sky weak lensing mass map reconstruction
• The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: geometry and growth from the anisotropic void-galaxy correlation function in the luminous red galaxy sample
• Redshift-space distortions with split densities
• The DES view of the Eridanus supervoid and the CMB Cold Spot
• Evidence for a high-z ISW signal from supervoids in the distribution of eBOSS quasars
• DEMNUni: The imprint of massive neutrinos on the cross-correlation between cosmic voids and CMB lensing
• Euclid: Cosmology forecasts from the void-galaxy cross-correlation function with reconstruction
• Dark matter solution to the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions, and the integrated Sachs-Wolfe void anomaly
• A common explanation of the Hubble tension and anomalous cold spots in the CMB
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: imprints of cosmic voids and superclusters in the Planck CMB lensing map
• Testing $f(R)$ Gravity With Scale Dependent Cosmic Void Velocity Profiles
• Understanding matched filters for precision cosmology
• Detection of cross-correlation between CMB Lensing and low-density points
• On the Merger Rate of Primordial Black Holes in Cosmic Voids
• Challenges in Constraining Gravity with Cosmic Voids
• Environmental dependence of X-ray and optical properties of galaxy clusters
• Alcock-Paczyński effect on void-finding: Implications for void-galaxy cross-correlation modelling
• The CMB lensing imprint of cosmic voids detected in the WISE-Pan-STARRS luminous red galaxy catalog
• The Gravitational Lensing Imprints of DES Y3 Superstructures on the CMB: A Matched Filtering Approach
• Cosmology with Cosmic Voids
• Tracing the high-z cosmic web with Quaia: catalogues of voids and clusters in the quasar distribution
• Mapping the cosmic mass distribution with stacked weak gravitational lensing and Doppler lensing
• Ringing the universe with cosmic emptiness: void properties through a combined analysis of stacked weak gravitational and Doppler lensing
• Cosmic voids and BAO with relative baryon-CDM perturbations
• Integrated Sachs-Wolfe maps from the Gower Street $w$CDM simulations
• Measurements of cosmic expansion and growth rate of structure from voids in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey between redshift 0.07 and 1.0