Planck 2018 results. VII. Isotropy and Statistics of the CMB

Abstract

Analysis of the Planck 2018 data set indicates that the statistical properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies are in excellent agreement with previous studies using the 2013 and 2015 data releases. In particular, they are consistent with the Gaussian predictions of the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, yet also confirm the presence of several so-called "anomalies" on large angular scales. The novelty of the current study, however, lies in being a first attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the statistics of the polarization signal over all angular scales, using either maps of the Stokes parameters, $Q$ and $U$, or the $E$-mode signal derived from these using a new methodology (which we describe in an appendix). Although remarkable progress has been made in reducing the systematic effects that contaminated the 2015 polarization maps on large angular scales, it is still the case that residual systematics (and our ability to simulate them) can limit some tests of non-Gaussianity and isotropy. However, a detailed set of null tests applied to the maps indicates that these issues do not dominate the analysis on intermediate and large angular scales (i.e., $\ell \lesssim 400$). In this regime, no unambiguous detections of cosmological non-Gaussianity, or of anomalies corresponding to those seen in temperature, are claimed. Notably, the stacking of CMB polarization signals centred on the positions of temperature hot and cold spots exhibits excellent agreement with the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, and also gives a clear indication of how Planck provides state-of-the-art measurements of CMB temperature and polarization on degree scales.

arXiv commentPaper VII of the Planck 2018 release, revised to closely match version published in Astronomy and Astrophysics

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• CMB Polarization by the Asymmetric Template of Scalar Perturbations
• Detecting CMB modulations and non-Gaussianities from power multipoles
• Modes of the Dark Ages 21cm field accessible to a lunar radio interferometer
• Revisiting the temperature evolution law of the CMB with gaussian processes
• Nearly Full-Sky Low-Multipole Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature Anisotropy: II. Angular Power Spectra and Likelihood
• Nearly Full-Sky Low-Multipole Cosmic Microwave Temperature Anisotropy: I. Foreground Cleaned Maps
• Implications of pulsar timing arrays for Gauss-Bonnet Inflation
• Cosmic Strings-induced CMB anisotropies in light of Weighted Morphology
• Do JWST reionization (optical depth) puzzle, cosmological tensions, and CMB anomalies imply Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum?
• Turbulence Induced Non-Gaussian Spectral Distortion in the Microwave Sky from Photon-Axion Conversion in Galaxy Clusters
• Violation of Bell inequalities from Cosmic Microwave Background data
• Dynamical Shortcomings in the Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory: Challenges for Cosmic Acceleration
• Inferred Hubble Parameter from Gravitational Waves in a Perturbative Bianchi I Background
• CMB low multipole alignments across WMAP and \emph{Planck} data releases
• Periodic boundary conditions and $G_2$ cosmology
• Homology reveals significant anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background
• Prospects for annihilating dark matter from M31 and M33 observations with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Imprints of Anisotropy on the Power Spectrum in Matter Dominated Bouncing Universe as Background
• Anomalies of Cosmic Anisotropy from Holographic Universality of Great-Circle Variance
• Large Scale Cosmological Anomalies and Inhomogeneous Dark Energy
• Initial conditions for inflation and the energy scale of SUSY-breaking from the (nearly) gaussian sky
• Detection likelihood of cluster-induced CMB polarization
• Dipole-independent measurements of nearly-zero CMB correlation: a possible symmetry of primordial causal quantum coherence
• Searching for Extremal Spots in Planck Lensing Maps
• Recovering hidden signals of statistical anisotropy from a masked or partial CMB sky
• Quantum Mechanics in symmetry language
• Neural Networks for cosmological model selection and feature importance using Cosmic Microwave Background data
• Horndeski in motion
• Cosmic topology. Part IIIb. Eigenmodes and correlation matrices of spin-2 perturbations in orientable Euclidean manifolds
• Number counts, confusion, mapping issues and sky coverage analysis for radio continuum surveys through EMU Early Science, EMU-ASKAP, and WODAN especially for cosmology science goals
• Cosmological neutrino N-body simulations of dark matter halo
• Dynamics of Dwarf Galaxies in Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity
• Power Suppression and Lensing Anomaly -- A phenomenological investigation
• Fluids in cosmology
• Quantization ambiguities and the robustness of effective descriptions of primordial perturbations in hybrid Loop Quantum Cosmology
• Polarisation as a tracer of CMB anomalies: Planck results and future forecasts
• The dangerous irrelevance of string theory
• Spectator fields and their imprints on the Cosmic Microwave Background
• Following the density perturbations through a bounce with AdS/CFT Correspondence
• On the coupling of vector fields to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant
• Scalar field dark matter with two components: combined approach from particle physics and cosmology
• Sample Variance for Supernovae Distance Measurements and the Hubble tension
• On the absence of a universal surface density, and a maximum Newtonian acceleration in dark matter haloes: consequences for MOND
• BB mode spectrum of CMB and Inflation
• Testing cosmic homogeneity and isotropy using galaxy correlations
• Testing the cosmological principle with quasars
• Confronting phantom inflation with Planck data
• On the validity of cosmic no-hair conjecture in an anisotropic inflationary model
• Radial derivatives as a test of pre-Big-Bang events on the Planck data
• Dynamics of a homogeneous and isotropic space in pure cubic f(R) gravity
• Non-singular Bounce from a Phase transition
• Test of the Statistical Isotropy of the Universe using Gravitational Waves
• CMB parity asymmetry from unitary quantum gravitational physics
• Observational Viability of Anisotropic Inflation Revisited
• Probing dipolar power asymmetry with galaxy clustering and intrinsic alignments
• Revisiting the CMB homogeneity scale: low multipoles removal effect and extragalactic foreground masking
• Dipole Modulation in Tensor Modes: Signatures in CMB Polarization
• Addressing Dipole Tension via Clustering in $\Lambda$CDM and beyond
• Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra
• Power-law Bianchi type I inflation with multiple vector fields
• TeV-PeV Gamma-ray and Neutrino Emission in the Galactic Plane
• Local bandpower diagnostics for the hemispherical power asymmetry in CMB E-mode polarization
• Probing CMB Polarization Gaussianity with the Statistics of Unpolarized Points: Non-Gaussianity of Planck Data and Prospects for Future B-Mode Measurements
• On the detection of stellar wakes in the Milky Way: a deep learning approach
• Galaxy number-count dipole and superhorizon fluctuations