CMB Cold Spot in the Planck light

Abstract

The Cold Spot, with an unusually cold region surrounded by a hot ring, is a statistically significant anomaly in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) sky. In this work we assess whether different sets of multiple subvoids based on the 2dF-VST ATLAS Cold Spot galaxy redshift survey or a collapsing cosmic texture could have produced such an anomaly through a simultaneous search for their gravitational redshift and lensing signatures on the {\it Planck} CMB temperature anisotropies. We use patches with radii $R=10^{\circ }$ and $R=20^{\circ }$ to account for the inner cold region as well as the outer hot ring. As the void model, we explore two sets of $\Lambda$LTB templates characterized by different values of the model's free parameters, and a top-hat void template. We detect higher-than-expected gravitational redshift amplitudes for the first two sets, ${\mathcal{A}}_{\mathrm{rs}}=5.4\pm 1.4$ and ${\mathcal{A}}_{\mathrm{rs}}=14.4\pm 3.8$, and lower than expected for the top-hat model, ${\mathcal{A}}_{\mathrm{rs}}=0.3\pm 0.1$. The amplitudes for the lensing imprint are consistent with zero for all these subvoid models. The estimated amplitude for the texture imprint from the gravitational redshift measurement implies the energy scale of the texture, parametrized by $\epsilon$, to be $\epsilon =(7.6\pm 2.0)\times 10^{-5}$, with no detection of the lensing trace. We note that the deviation of the subvoid amplitudes from unity and the inability of the texture and some of the void profiles to reproduce the hot ring indicate theoretical insufficiencies, either in the construction of the model or in the assumed gravitational and cosmological framework leading to the imprints for the structures.

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