Relic photon temperature versus redshift and the cosmic neutrino background

Abstract

Presuming that CMB photons are described by the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with the critical temperature for the deconfining-preconfining phase transition matching the present CMB temperature $T_0\sim 2.725$K (SU(2)${}_{CMB}$), we investigate how CMB temperature $T$ connects with the cosmological scale factor $a$ in a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker Universe. Owing to a violation of conformal scaling at late times, the tension between the (instantaneous) redshift of reionisation from CMB observation ($z_{re}\sim 11$) and quasar spectra ($z_{re}\sim 6$) is repealed. Also, we find that the redshift of CMB decoupling moves from $z_{dec}\sim 1100$ to $z_{dec}\sim 1775$ which questions $\Lambda$CDM cosmology at high redshifts. Adapting this model to the conventional physics of three flavours of massless cosmic neutrinos, we demonstrate inconsistency with the value N${}_{eff}\sim 3.36$ extracted from Planck data. Interactions between cosmic neutrinos and the CMB implies a {\sl common} temperature $T$ of (no longer separately conserved) CMB and neutrino fluids. N${}_{eff}\sim 3.36$ then entails a universal, temperature induced cosmic neutrino mass $m_{\nu }=\xi T$ with $\xi =3.973$. Our above results on $z_{re}$ and $z_{dec}$, derived from SU(2)${}_{CMB}$ alone, are essentially unaffected when including such a neutrino sector.

arXiv comment19 pages, 5 figures, dedicated to the memory of Pierre van Baal and Dmitri Diakonov, v3: typos corrected

References in corpus (27)

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results
• The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The First Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Evidence for Reionization at z ~ 6: Detection of a Gunn-Peterson Trough in a z=6.28 Quasar
• A high resolution foreground cleaned CMB map from WMAP
• The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP
• Global status of neutrino oscillation parameters after Neutrino-2012
• Planck 2018 results. VII. Isotropy and Statistics of the CMB
• Periodic Instantons with non-trivial Holonomy
• ARCADE 2 Measurement of the Extra-Galactic Sky Temperature at 3-90 GHz
• On the large-angle anomalies of the microwave sky
• Exact T-duality between Calorons and Taub-NUT spaces
• Neutrino cosmology and Planck
• Quantum weights of dyons and of instantons with non-trivial holonomy
• A comprehensive overview of the Cold Spot
• Large-Angle CMB Suppression and Polarization Predictions
• The isotropic radio background revisited
• Radiative corrections to the pressure and the one-loop polarization tensor of massless modes in SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics
• A Planck-scale axion and SU(2) Yang-Mills dynamics: Present acceleration and the fate of the photon
• Spatial Wilson loop in continuum, deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics
• Low-frequency line temperatures of the CMB
• Charge-density waves in deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics
• Thermodynamics of SU(2) quantum Yang-Mills theory and CMB anomalies

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Axial Anomaly in Galaxies and the Dark Universe
• SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory: Waves, Particles, and Quantum Thermodynamics
• SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$ and the cosmological model: angular power spectra
• Exact determination of asymptotic CMB temperature-redshift relation
• SU(2)$_{\tiny\mbox{CMB}}$ at high redshifts and the value of $H_0$
• Cosmological parameters from Planck data in SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$, their local $\Lambda$CDM values, and the modified photon Boltzmann equation
• Frequency-redshift relation of the Cosmic Microwave Background
• An SU(2) gauge principle for the Cosmic Microwave Background: Perspectives on the Dark Sector of the Cosmological Model
• Cosmic Microwave Background as a thermal gas of SU(2) photons: Implications for the high-z cosmological model and the value of $H_0$
• SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics: a priori estimate and radiative corrections