Axial Anomaly in Galaxies and the Dark Universe

Abstract

Motivated by the SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$ modification of the cosmological model $\Lambda$CDM, we consider isolated fuzzy-dark-matter lumps, made of ultralight axion particles whose masses arise due to distinct SU(2) Yang-Mills scales and the Planck mass $M_P$. In contrast to SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$, these Yang-Mills theories are in confining phases (zero temperature) throughout most of the Universe's history and associate with the three lepton flavours of the Standard Model of particle physics. As the Universe expands, axionic fuzzy dark matter comprises a three-component fluid which undergoes certain depercolation transitions when dark energy (a global axion condensate) is converted into dark matter. We extract the lightest axion mass $m_{a,e}=0.675\times 10^{-23}$eV from well motivated model fits to observed rotation curves in low-surface-brightness galaxies (SPARC catalogue). Since the virial mass of an isolated lump solely depends on $M_P$ and the associated Yang-Mills scale the properties of an e-lump predict those of $\mu$- and $\tau$-lumps. As a result, a typical e-lump virial mass $\sim 6.3\times 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ suggests that massive compact objects in galactic centers such as Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$ in the Milky Way are (merged) $\mu$- and $\tau$-lumps. In addition, $\tau$-lumps may constitute globular clusters. SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$ is always thermalised, and its axion condensate never has depercolated. If the axial anomaly indeed would link leptons with dark matter and the CMB with dark energy then this would demystify the dark Universe through a firmly established feature of particle physics.

21 pages, 11 figures; added references

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• On exotic objects made of dark energy and dark matter: Mass-to-radius profiles and tidal Love numbers
• Frequency-redshift relation of the Cosmic Microwave Background
• Cosmological parameters from Planck data in SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$, their local $\Lambda$CDM values, and the modified photon Boltzmann equation
• Dynamical reconstruction of SPARC galactic halos within self-interacting fuzzy dark matter
• Construction of fuzzy dark matter halos with arbitrary initial velocities
• Jacobson's thermodynamic approach to classical gravity applied to non-Riemannian geometries: remarks on the simplicity of Nature