The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP

Abstract

We investigate anomalies reported in the Cosmic Microwave Background maps from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite on very large angular scales and discuss possible interpretations. Three independent anomalies involve the quadrupole and octopole: 1. The cosmic quadrupole on its own is anomalous at the 1-in-20 level by being low (the cut-sky quadrupole measured by the WMAP team is more strikingly low, apparently due to a coincidence in the orientation of our Galaxy of no cosmological significance); 2. The cosmic octopole on its own is anomalous at the 1-in-20 level by being very planar; 3. The alignment between the quadrupole and octopole is anomalous at the 1-in-60 level. Although the a priori chance of all three occurring is 1 in 24000, the multitude of alternative anomalies one could have looked for dilutes the significance of such a posteriori statistics. The simplest small universe model where the universe has toroidal topology with one small dimension of order half the horizon scale, in the direction towards Virgo, could explain the three items above. However, we rule this model out using two topological tests: the S-statistic and the matched circle test.

arXiv commentN.B. that our results do not rule out the recently proposed dodecahedron model of Luminet, Weeks, Riazuelo, Lehoucq & Uzan, which has a 36 degree twist between matched circles. 12 pages, 5 figs; more info at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~angelica/topology.html

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• Non-gaussianity and Statistical Anisotropy in Cosmological Inflationary Models
• Matter Dipole and Hubble Tension due to Large Wavelength Perturbations
• Induced Cosmological Anisotropies and CMB Anomalies by a non-Abelian Gauge-Gravity Interaction
• Reconstruction of Missing Data using Iterative Harmonic Expansion
• Examining statistical isotropy of CMB low multipoles from Planck PR4 data
• The synchrotron foreground and CMB temperature-polarization cross correlation power spectrum from the first year WMAP data
• New evidence for lack of CMB power on large scales
• Probing Cosmology beyond $\Lambda$CDM using the SKA
• Interpretation of the Global Anisotropy in the Radio Polarizations of Cosmologically Distant Sources
• A Clifford Algebra Approach to Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Fermion Mass Hierarchies
• Cosmology: a bird's eye view
• Cosmological consequences of statistical inhomogeneity
• Relic Vector Field and CMB Large Scale Anomalies
• Higher order spectra from an initially anisotropic universe
• CMB-PAInT: An inpainting tool for the cosmic microwave background
• Nearly Full-Sky Low-Multipole Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature Anisotropy: III. CMB Temperature Anomalies
• Cosmic microwave background limits on spatially homogeneous cosmological models with dark energy
• Ellipsoidal Universe and Cosmic Shear
• Testing cosmological models with large-scale power modulation using microwave background polarization observations
• Isotropy in the two-point angular correlation function of the CMB
• An overview of the current status of CMB observations
• Killing vectors and anisotropy
• The Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies: open problems
• Detecting anomalies in CMB maps: a new method
• Quadrant asymmetry in the angular distribution of the Cosmic Microwave Background in the Planck satellite data
• The Virtues of Frugality - Why cosmological observers should release their data slowly
• Cosmological constraints from Microwave Background Anisotropy and Polarization
• CMB low multipole alignments across WMAP and \emph{Planck} data releases
• Constraints on the cosmological density parameters and cosmic topology
• Cosmological correlation functions in scalar and vector inflationary models
• On the propagation of gravitational waves in matter-filled Bianchi I universe
• Constraining Axially Symmetric Bianchi Type I Model with Self-Consistent Recombination History and Observables
• Anomalies of Cosmic Anisotropy from Holographic Universality of Great-Circle Variance
• Non-Gaussianities in the local curvature of the 5-year WMAP data
• Thermodynamics of SU(2) quantum Yang-Mills theory and CMB anomalies
• Hidden in the background: a local approach to CMB anomalies
• Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies: the power spectrum and beyond
• Induced cosmological anisotropy by a gauge-gravity interaction
• "Circles in the Sky" in twisted cylinders
• Evolution of cosmological event horizons in anisotropic universes
• Probing the anisotropic expansion history of the universe with cosmic microwave background
• Cosmic topology. Part IIIb. Eigenmodes and correlation matrices of spin-2 perturbations in orientable Euclidean manifolds
• Lack of angular correlation and odd-parity preference in CMB data
• Probing dipolar power asymmetry with galaxy clustering and intrinsic alignments
• CMB line-of-sight integrators for nearly-isotropic cosmological models
• Local bandpower diagnostics for the hemispherical power asymmetry in CMB E-mode polarization
• Do We Live in a Vanilla Universe? Theoretical Perspectives on WMAP
• On the detection of point sources in Planck LFI 70 GHz CMB maps based on cleaned K-map
• Einstein's Equations and a Cosmology with Finite Matter
• The Probability for matter-Antimatter Segregation Following the Quark-Hadron Transition
• The Primordial Magnetic Field (PMF) Generated in Large Field Inflation (LFI), Natural Inflation (NI) and $R^2$-Inflation by $f^{2}FF$ Model
• Cosmological quests in the CMB sky
• Anisotropic expansion of the Universe and generation of quantum interference in light propagation