Foreground contamination of the WMAP CMB maps from the perspective of the matched circle test

Abstract

WMAP has provided CMB maps of the full sky. The raw data is subject to foreground contamination, in particular near to the Galactic plane. Foreground cleaned maps have been derived, e.g., the internal linear combination (ILC) map of Bennett et al. and the reduced foreground TOH map of Tegmark et al. Using S statistics we examine whether residual foreground contamination is left over in the foreground cleaned maps. In particular, we specify which parts of the foreground cleaned maps are sufficiently accurate for the circle-in-the-sky signature. We generalise the S statistic, called D statistic, such that the circle test can deal with CMB maps in which the contaminated regions of the sky are excluded with masks.

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• Some doubts on the validity of the foreground Galactic contribution subtraction from microwave anisotropies
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• The Hantzsche-Wendt Manifold in Cosmic Topology