Axi-Higgs Cosmology

Abstract

If the electroweak Higgs vacuum expectation value $v$ in early universe is $\sim 1\%$ higher than its present value $v_0=246$ GeV, the ${}^7$Li puzzle in BBN and the CMB/$\Lambda$CDM tension with late-universe measurements on Hubble parameter are mitigated. We propose a model of an axion coupled to the Higgs field, named ``axi-Higgs'', with its mass $m_a\sim 10^{-30}-10^{-29}\mathrm{eV}$ and decay constant $f_a\sim 10^{17}-10^{18}\mathrm{GeV}$, to achieve this goal. The axion initial value $a_{\mathrm{ini}}$ yields an initial $\Delta v_{\mathrm{ini}}/v_0\sim 0.01$ throughout the BBN-recombination epoch and a percent level contribution to the total matter density today. Because of its very large de Broglie wavelength, this axion matter density ${\omega }_a$ suppresses the matter power spectrum, alleviating the CMB/$\Lambda$CDM $S_8/{\sigma }_8$ tension with the weak-lensing data. It also explains the recently reported isotropic cosmic birefringence by its coupling with photons. Adding the axion ($m\sim 10^{-22}$eV) in the fuzzy dark matter model to the axi-Higgs model allows bigger $\Delta v_{\mathrm{rec}}$ and ${\omega }_a$ to address the Hubble and $S_8/{\sigma }_8$ tensions simultaneously. The model predicts that $\Delta v$ may be detected by the spectral measurements of quasars, while its oscillation may be observed in the atomic clock measurements.

arXiv comment52 pages, 8 figures. Matches the published version in JCAP

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