Massive photons from Super and Lorentz symmetry breaking

Abstract

In the context of Standard Model Extensions (SMEs), we analyse four general classes of Super Symmetry (SuSy) and Lorentz Symmetry (LoSy) breaking, leading to {observable} imprints at our energy scales. The photon dispersion relations show a non-Maxwellian behaviour for the CPT (Charge-Parity-Time reversal symmetry) odd and even sectors. The group velocities exhibit also a directional dependence with respect to the breaking background vector (odd CPT) or tensor (even CPT). In the former sector, the group velocity may decay following an inverse squared frequency behaviour. Thus, we extract a massive and gauge invariant Carroll-Field-Jackiw photon term in the Lagrangian and show that the mass is proportional to the breaking vector. The latter is estimated by ground measurements and leads to a photon mass upper limit of $10^{-19}$ eV or $2\times 10^{-55}$ kg and thereby to a potentially measurable delay at low radio frequencies.

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• Massive photons from Super and Lorentz symmetry breaking
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• Classical solutions for the Carroll-Field-Jackiw-Proca electrodynamics
• Lorentz violation and higher-derivative gravity

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• Cosmology and the massive photon frequency shift in the Standard-Model Extension
• The Heisenberg limit at cosmological scales
• A critical discussion on the $H_0$ tension
• Investigating dark energy by electromagnetic frequency shifts
• Frequency variation for in vacuo photon propagation in the Standard-Model Extension
• Extended Uncertainty Principle: A Deeper Insight into the Hubble Tension?
• Aspects of Lorentz-Poincaré-symmetry violating physics in a supersymmetric scenario
• Extended Theories of Electrodynamics in $f(R)$ Gravity