Signatures of afterglows from light dark matter boosted by supernova neutrinos in current and future large underground detectors

Abstract

Supernova neutrino boosted dark matter (SN$\nu$ BDM) and its afterglow effect have been shown to be a promising signature for beyond Standard Model (bSM) physics. The time-evolution feature of SN$\nu$ BDM allows for %the possibly direct inference of DM mass $m_{\chi }$, and results in significant background suppression with improving sensitivity. This paper extends the earlier study and provides a general framework for computing the SN$\nu$ BDM fluxes for a supernova that occurs at any location in our galaxy. A bSM $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ model with its gauge boson coupling to both DM and the second and third generation of leptons is considered, which allows for both DM-$\nu$ and DM-$e$ interactions. Detailed analysis of the temporal profile, angular distribution, and energy spectrum of the SN$\nu$ BDM are performed. Unique signatures in SN$\nu$ BDM allowing extraction of $m_{\chi }$ and detail features that contain information of the underlying interaction type are discussed. Expected sensitivities on the above new physics model from Super-Kamiokande, Hyper-Kamiokande, and DUNE detections of BDM events induced by the next galactic SN are derived and compared with the existing bounds.

20 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, 6 appendices, matched published version. Code availability added in this revision

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