Galaxy Cluster Bulk Flows and Collision Velocities in QUMOND

Abstract

We examine the formation of clusters of galaxies in numerical simulations of a QUMOND cosmogony with massive sterile neutrinos. Clusters formed in these exploratory simulations develop higher velocities than those found in ΛCDM simulations. The bulk motions of clusters attain about 1000 km/s by low redshift, comparable to observations whereas ΛCDM simulated clusters tend to fall short. Similarly, high pairwise velocities are common in cluster-cluster collisions like the Bullet cluster. There is also a propensity for the most massive clusters to be larger in QUMOND and to appear earlier than in ΛCDM, potentially providing an explanation for 'pink elephants' like El Gordo. However, it is not obvious that the cluster mass function can be recovered.

11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• A simultaneous solution to the Hubble tension and observed bulk flow within 250 $h^{-1}$ Mpc
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• ALMA-SZ Detection of a Galaxy Cluster Merger Shock at Half the Age of the Universe
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• The velocity field in MOND cosmology
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• The candidate cluster and protocluster catalog (CCPC) of spectroscopically identified structures spanning $2.74<z<3.71$
• Hydrodynamical structure formation in Milgromian cosmology
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• Scaling relations of early-type galaxies in MOND
• Fast particle-mesh code for Milgromian dynamics
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