Neutrinos in Astrophysics and Cosmology: Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI) 2020 Lectures

Abstract

I introduce the consequences of neutrino mass and mixing in the dense environments of the early Universe and in astrophysical environments. Thermal and matter effects are reviewed in the context of a two-neutrino formalism, with methods of extension to multiple neutrinos. The observed large neutrino mixing angles place the strongest constraint on cosmological lepton (or neutrino) asymmetries, while new sterile neutrinos provide a wealth of possible new physics, including lepton asymmetry generation as well as candidates for dark matter. I also review cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure constraints on neutrino mass and energy density. Lastly, I review how X-ray astronomy has become a branch of neutrino physics in searches for keV-scale sterile neutrino dark matter radiative decay.

arXiv commentTheoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI) 2020 Lectures Chapter; 45 pages, 17 figures; v2: fixed reference arXiv numbers and updated discussion on degenerate BBN and X-ray searches

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• Relic neutrino asymmetry evolution from first principles
• Chaotic Amplification of Neutrino Chemical Potentials by Neutrino Oscillations in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Pulsar kicks from neutrino oscillations
• A Dark Matter Progenitor: Light Vector Boson Decay into (Sterile) Neutrinos
• Bulk QCD Thermodynamics and Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Clustering properties of a sterile neutrino dark matter candidate
• Update on neutrino mixing in the early Universe
• Small-scale structure formation properties of chilled sterile neutrinos as dark matter
• Diluted equilibrium sterile neutrino dark matter
• Additional Light Sterile Neutrinos and Cosmology
• Telling Three from Four Neutrinos with Cosmology
• Resonant Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in the Local and High-z Universe
• Decaying dark matter search with NuSTAR deep sky observations
• Improved Limits on Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter using Full-Sky Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor Data
• Extended quintessence and the primordial helium abundance
• Moduli dark matter and the search for its decay line using Suzaku X-ray telescope
• Sterile neutrinos
• Cosmological Dependence of Non-resonantly Produced Sterile Neutrinos
• Relic neutrino asymmetries and big bang nucleosynthesis in a four neutrino model
• Dark Matter Velocity Spectroscopy
• Constraints on Neutrino Degeneracy from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Primordial Nucleosynthesis
• Blocking Active-Sterile Neutrino Oscillations in the Early Universe with a Majoron Field
• Dark matter line emission constraints from NuSTAR observations of the Bullet Cluster
• eXTP perspectives for the $\nu$MSM sterile neutrino dark matter model
• Prospects for Finding Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter at KATRIN
• The role of the eROSITA all-sky survey in searches for sterile neutrino dark matter
• Neutrino-Mixing-Generated Lepton Asymmetry and the Primordial ${}^4$He Abundance
• Neutrino Luminosity and Matter-Induced Modification of Collective Neutrino Flavor Oscillations in Supernovae
• Entering the Era of Dark Matter Astronomy? Near to Long-Term Forecasts in X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Bands
• Technical Comment on "The dark matter interpretation of the 3.5-keV line is inconsistent with blank-sky observations"

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