Subhalo statistics of galactic halos: beyond the resolution limit

Abstract

We study the substructure population of Milky Way (MW)-mass halos in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology using a novel procedure to extrapolate subhalo number statistics beyond the resolution limit of N-body simulations. The technique recovers the mean and the variance of the subhalo abundance, but not its spatial distribution. It extends the dynamic range over which precise statistical predictions can be made by the equivalent of performing a simulation with 50 times higher resolution, at no additional computational cost. We apply this technique to MW-mass halos, but it can easily be applied to halos of any mass. We find up to $20\%$ more substructures in MW-mass halos than found in previous studies. Our analysis lowers the mass of the MW halo required to accommodate the observation that the MW has only three satellites with a maximum circular velocity $V_{max}\ge 30km/s$ in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. The probability of having a subhalo population similar to that in the MW is $20\%$ for a virial mass, $M_{200}=1\times 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$ and practically zero for halos more massive than $M_{200}=2\times 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$.

arXiv comment17 pages, 14 figures, updated to match published version in MNRAS

References in corpus (68)

• First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• Dark Matter Substructure in Galactic Halos
• Where are the missing galactic satellites?
• Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Power-spectrum analysis of the final dataset and cosmological implications
• The Aquarius Project: the subhalos of galactic halos
• The Rockstar Phase-Space Temporal Halo Finder and the Velocity Offsets of Cluster Cores
• Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes
• Analytic model for galaxy and dark matter clustering
• Halo occupation numbers and galaxy bias
• Cold dark matter haloes in the Planck era: evolution of structural parameters for Einasto and NFW profiles
• Halos and galaxies in the standard cosmological model: results from the Bolshoi simulation
• The Dark Side of the Halo Occupation Distribution
• The Halo Occupation Distribution: Towards an Empirical Determination of the Relation Between Galaxies and Mass
• Resolving Cosmic Structure Formation with the Millennium-II Simulation
• Theoretical Models of the Halo Occupation Distribution: Separating Central and Satellite Galaxies
• Resolving the Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Clumps and streams in the local dark matter distribution
• Reionization and the abundance of galactic satellites
• The Milky Way's bright satellites as an apparent failure of LCDM
• The Milky Way's Circular Velocity Curve to 60 kpc and an Estimate of the Dark Matter Halo Mass from Kinematics of ~2400 SDSS Blue Horizontal Branch Stars
• How do galaxies populate Dark Matter halos?
• Accurate masses for dispersion-supported galaxies
• A Universal Mass Profile for Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies?
• The subhalo populations of LCDM dark haloes
• How Many Galaxies Fit in a Halo? Constraints on Galaxy Formation Efficiency from Spatial Clustering
• The RAVE Survey: Constraining the Local Galactic Escape Speed
• The Supernova Legacy Survey 3-year sample: Type Ia Supernovae photometric distances and cosmological constraints
• A common mass scale for satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• The Nature of Galaxy Bias and Clustering
• The Effects of Photoionization on Galaxy Formation - I: Model and Results at z=0
• Can Photoionization Squelching Resolve the Sub-structure Crisis?
• Haloes gone MAD: The Halo-Finder Comparison Project
• Quantifying the heart of darkness with GHALO - a multi-billion particle simulation of our galactic halo
• The Effects of Photoionization on Galaxy Formation - II: Satellites in the Local Group
• The Present and Future Mass of the Milky Way Halo
• The Physics of Galaxy Clustering I: A Model for Subhalo Populations
• The Masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies
• Deriving the Nonlinear Cosmological Power Spectrum and Bispectrum from Analytic Dark Matter Halo Profiles and Mass Functions
• The RAVE survey: the Galactic escape speed and the mass of the Milky Way
• The radial velocity dispersion profile of the Galactic halo: Constraining the density profile of the dark halo of the Milky Way
• Masses for the Local Group and the Milky Way
• Statistics of Physical Properties of Dark Matter Clusters
• There's no place like home? Statistics of Milky Way-mass dark matter halos
• Hubble Space Telescope and Ground-Based Observations of Type Ia Supernovae at Redshift 0.5: Cosmological Implications
• The Mass of the Milky Way: Limits from a Newly Assembled Set of Halo Objects
• The Cold Dark Matter Halos of Local Group Dwarf Spheroidals
• SubHaloes going Notts: The SubHalo-Finder Comparison Project
• The Missing Massive Satellites of the Milky Way
• The abundance of (not just) dark matter haloes
• The Mass Profile of the Galaxy to 80 kpc
• The velocity dispersion and mass profile of the Milky Way
• Satellite abundances around bright isolated galaxies
• The mass and velocity anisotropy of the Carina, Fornax, Sculptor and Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Kinematics of Milky Way Satellites in a Lambda Cold Dark Matter Universe
• Statistics of Satellite Galaxies Around Milky Way-Like Hosts
• The Mass Distribution and Assembly of the Milky Way from the Properties of the Magellanic Clouds
• Not too big, not too small: the dark halos of the dwarf spheroidals in the Milky Way
• The statistics of the subhalo abundance of dark matter haloes
• Baryon Dynamics, Dark Matter Substructure, and Galaxies
• Milky Way mass constraints from the Galactic satellite gap
• Bailing Out the Milky Way: Variation in the Properties of Massive Dwarfs Among Galaxy-Sized Systems
• Satellite Galaxy Number Density Profiles in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Running with BICEP2: Implications for Small-Scale Problems in CDM
• Statistics of Dark Matter Substructure: I. Model and Universal Fitting Functions

Cited by in corpus (35)

• The Milky Way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
• Disruption of Dark Matter Substructure: Fact or Fiction?
• The mass of the Milky Way from satellite dynamics
• The Darkest Hour Before Dawn: Contributions to Cosmic Reionization from Dark Matter Annihilation and Decay
• The total satellite population of the Milky Way
• The mass of our Milky Way
• Joint constraints on thermal relic dark matter from strong gravitational lensing, the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest, and Milky Way satellites
• Estimating the dark matter halo mass of our Milky Way using dynamical tracers
• The Dependence of Subhalo Abundance on Halo Concentration
• The Copernicus Complexio: a high-resolution view of the small-scale Universe
• Planes of satellite galaxies: when exceptions are the rule
• Constraints on the properties of warm dark matter using the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• Constraints on the identity of the dark matter from strong gravitational lenses
• Substructure and galaxy formation in the Copernicus Complexio warm dark matter simulations
• The diverse dark matter density at sub-kiloparsec scales in Milky Way satellites:implications for the nature of dark matter
• The Galaxy Clustering Crisis in Abundance Matching
• A robust estimate of the Milky Way mass from rotation curve data
• Milky Way total Mass derived by Rotation Curve and Globular Cluster kinematics from Gaia EDR3
• Comprehensive Assessment of the Too-Big-to-Fail Problem
• A comparative study of satellite galaxies in Milky Way-like galaxies from HSC, DECaLS and SDSS
• The Milky Way system in LCDM cosmological simulations
• Reionisation in sterile neutrino cosmologies
• What to expect from dynamical modelling of galactic haloes II: the spherical Jeans equation
• The connection between the host halo and the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• ZOMG III: The effect of Halo Assembly on the Satellite Population
• Observing Merger Trees in a New Light
• What to expect from dynamical modelling of galactic haloes
• The Origin of Lopsided Satellite Galaxy Distribution in Galaxy Pairs
• Local Group Analogs in $\Lambda$CDM cosmological simulations
• An Accurate Comprehensive Approach to Substructure: I. Accreted Subhaloes
• Cosmological Zoom-In Simulations of Milky Way Host Mass Dark Matter Halos with a Blue-Tilted Primordial Power Spectrum
• Caught in the cosmic web: environmental effects on subhalo abundance and internal density profiles
• Subhalo abundance and satellite spatial distribution in Milky Way-Andromeda-like paired haloes
• Game Theory in Cosmology
• Dark Matter Energy Deposition and Production from the Table-Top to the Cosmos