Phenomenological consequences of superfluid dark matter with baryon-phonon coupling

Abstract

Recently, a new form of dark matter has been suggested to naturally reproduce the empirically successful aspects of Milgrom's law in galaxies. The dark matter particle candidates are axion-like, with masses of order eV and strong self-interactions. They Bose-Einstein condense into a superfluid phase in the central regions of galaxy halos. The superfluid phonon excitations in turn couple to baryons and mediate an additional long-range force. For a suitable choice of the superfluid equation of state, this force can mimic Milgrom's law. In this paper we develop in detail some of the main phenomenological consequences of such a formalism, by revisiting the expected dark matter halo profile in the presence of an extended baryon distribution. In particular, we show how rotation curves of both high and low surface brightness galaxies can be reproduced, with a slightly rising rotation curve at large radii in massive high surface brightness galaxies, thus subtly different from Milgrom's law. We finally point out other expected differences with Milgrom's law, in particular in dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies, tidal dwarf galaxies, and globular clusters, whose Milgromian or Newtonian behavior depends on the position with respect to the superfluid core of the host galaxy. We also expect ultra-diffuse galaxies within galaxy clusters to have velocities slightly above the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation. Finally, we note that, in this framework, photons and gravitons follow the same geodesics, and that galaxy-galaxy lensing, probing larger distances within galaxy halos than rotation curves, should follow predictions closer to the standard cosmological model than those of Milgrom's law.

20 pages

References in corpus (39)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes
• Beyond the Cosmological Standard Model
• High-Resolution Rotation Curves and Galaxy Mass Models from THINGS
• Constraints on the Self-Interaction Cross-Section of Dark Matter from Numerical Simulations of the Merging Galaxy Cluster 1E 0657-5
• The Milky Way's Circular Velocity Curve to 60 kpc and an Estimate of the Dark Matter Halo Mass from Kinematics of ~2400 SDSS Blue Horizontal Branch Stars
• SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves
• The Radial Acceleration Relation in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
• Forty-Seven Milky Way-Sized, Extremely Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• The non-gravitational interactions of dark matter in colliding galaxy clusters
• A Vast Thin Plane of Co-rotating Dwarf Galaxies Orbiting the Andromeda Galaxy
• One Law To Rule Them All: The Radial Acceleration Relation of Galaxies
• General coordinate invariance and conformal invariance in nonrelativistic physics: Unitary Fermi gas
• Bimetric MOND gravity
• Is there a "too big to fail" problem in the field?
• Galaxies as simple dynamical systems: observational data disfavor dark matter and stochastic star formation
• GW170817 Falsifies Dark Matter Emulators
• On the Proof of Dark Matter, the Law of Gravity and the Mass of Neutrinos
• The mass distribution in early-type disk galaxies: declining rotation curves and correlations with optical properties
• THINGS about MOND
• The Relation between Stellar and Dynamical Surface Densities in the Central Regions of Disk Galaxies
• X-ray Group and cluster mass profiles in MOND: Unexplained mass on the group scale
• Dwarf Spheroidals in MOND
• Gravitational polarization and the phenomenology of MOND
• Model of Dark Matter and Dark Energy Based on Gravitational Polarization
• An Alternative to Particle Dark Matter
• Λ CDM is Consistent with SPARC Radial Acceleration Relation
• Testing Fundamental Physics with Distant Star Clusters: Analysis of Observational Data on Palomar 14
• The scatter, residual correlations and curvature of the SPARC baryonic Tully-Fisher relation
• Dark Matter via Massive (bi-)Gravity
• Stellar streams as gravitational experiments II. Asymmetric tails of globular cluster streams
• The relation between stellar mass and weak lensing signal around galaxies: Implications for MOND
• Gravitational wave as probe of superfluid dark matter
• A census of the expected properties of classical Milky Way dwarfs in Milgromian dynamics
• Understanding the internal dynamics of elliptical galaxies without non-baryonic dark matter
• Modified Dark Matter: Relating Dark Energy, Dark Matter and Baryonic Matter

Cited by in corpus (50)

• The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts
• Ultra-Light Dark Matter
• Shadows of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ Black Hole Surrounded by Superfluid Dark Matter Halo
• The Novel Probes Project -- Tests of Gravity on Astrophysical Scales
• Three-Dimensional Shapes of Spinning Helium Nanodroplets
• Probing the nature of dark matter with accreted globular cluster streams
• Unified Superfluid Dark Sector
• Dynamical Friction in Superfluids
• Vector Fuzzy Dark Matter, Fifth Forces, and Binary Pulsars
• The Equation of State of Dark Matter Superfluids
• Probing the radial acceleration relation and the strong equivalence principle with the Coma cluster ultra-diffuse galaxies
• Superfluid Dark Matter around Black Holes
• Testing Dark Matter and Modifications to Gravity using Local Milky Way Observables
• Yet another test of Radial Acceleration Relation for galaxy clusters
• The Milky Way's rotation curve with superfluid dark matter
• The Classical and Loop Quantum Cosmology Phase Space of Interacting Dark Energy and Superfluid Dark Matter
• A first attempt to differentiate between modified gravity and modified inertia with galaxy rotation curves
• Dark Matter Superfluidity
• Emergent long-range interactions in Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Strong lensing with superfluid dark matter
• Aether scalar tensor theory confronted with weak lensing data at small accelerations
• Cosmic Filament Spin from Dark Matter Vortices
• Discussing the first velocity dispersion profile of an ultra-diffuse galaxy in MOND
• Baryon-Interacting Dark Matter: heating dark matter and the emergence of galaxy scaling relations
• Core Fragmentation in Simplest Superfluid Dark Matter Scenario
• The radial acceleration relation and dark baryons in MOND
• Galactic Mass-to-Light Ratios With Superfluid Dark Matter
• Scaling relations for dark matter core density and radius from Chandra X-ray cluster sample
• Cherenkov radiation from stars constrains hybrid MOND dark matter models
• On Effective Theory of Superfluid Phonons
• Finite Temperature Description of an Interacting Bose Gas
• Prospects of Probing Dark Matter Condensates with Gravitational Waves
• Thermalization, Fragmentation and Tidal Disruption: The Complex Galactic Dynamics of Dark Matter Superfluidity
• Three problems of superfluid dark matter and their solution
• The Magellanic Clouds are very rare in the IllustrisTNG simulations
• Constraints on Self-Interacting dark matter from relaxed galaxy groups
• Superfluid dark matter in tension with weak gravitational lensing data
• Testing Emergent Gravity with Optical, X-ray, and Weak Lensing Measurements in Massive, Relaxed Galaxy Clusters
• Growth of Linear Perturbations in a Universe with Superfluid Dark Matter
• Dipolar dark matter simulations on galaxy scales with the RAMSES code
• The role of the chemical potential in coupling superfluid dark matter to baryons
• A test of invariance of dark matter halo surface density using multiwavelength mock galaxy catalogues
• A scalar field inducing a non-metrical contribution to gravitational acceleration and a compatible add-on to light deflection
• A Preference for Cold Dark Matter over Superfluid Dark Matter in Local Milky Way Data
• Quantized Vortices in Superfluid Dark Matter
• A test of linearity of the ratio of dark matter to baryonic matter in galaxy clusters
• A Toy Model for the Dynamical Discrepancies on Galactic Scales
• A test of invariance of halo surface density for FIRE-2 simulations with cold dark matter and self-interacting dark matter
• Examining Baryonic Faber-Jackson Relation in Galaxy Groups
• Nonrelativistic superfluids in cosmology from a relativistic approach: Revisiting two formulations of superfluidity