Exploring the Universe with Dark Light Scalars

Abstract

We study the cosmology of the dark sector consisting of (ultra) light scalars. Since the scalar mass is radiatively unstable, a special explanation is required to make the mass much smaller than the UV scale. There are two well-known mechanisms for the origin of scalar mass. The scalar can be identified as a pseudo-Goldstone boson, whose shift symmetry is explicitly broken by non-perturbative corrections, like the axion. Alternatively, it can be identified as a composite particle like the glueball, whose mass is limited by the confinement scale of the theory. In both cases, the scalar can be naturally light, but interaction behavior is quite different. The lighter the axion (glueball), the weaker (stronger) it interacts. We consider the dark axion whose shift symmetry is anomalously broken by the hidden non-abelian gauge symmetry. After the confinement of the gauge group, the dark axion and the dark glueball get masses and both form multicomponent dark matter. We carefully consider the effects of energy flow from the dark gluons to the dark axions and derive the full equations of motion for the background and the perturbed variables. The effect of the dark axion-dark gluon coupling on the evolution of the entropy and the isocurvature perturbations is also clarified. Finally, we discuss the gravo-thermal collapse of the glueball subcomponent dark matter after the halos form, in order to explore the potential to contribute to the formation of seeds for the supermassive black holes observed at high redshifts. With the simplified assumptions, the glueball subcomponent dark matter with the mass of $0.01-0.1\mathrm{MeV}$, and the axion main dark matter component with the decay constant $f_a=\mathcal{O}(10^{15}-10^{16})\mathrm{GeV}$, the mass of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-14}-10^{-18})\mathrm{eV}$, can provide the hint on the origin of the supermassive black holes at high redshifts.

20 pages, 4 figures, v2: references added, presentation improved, accepted for publication in PRD

References in corpus (16)

• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• Minkowski-space correlators in AdS/CFT correspondence: recipe and applications
• An ultra-luminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• The Halo Mass Function: High-Redshift Evolution and Universality
• US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report
• The Sphaleron Rate in SU(N) Gauge Theory
• Supermassive Black Holes from Ultra-Strongly Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Axion as a Cold Dark Matter candidate
• The glueball spectrum of SU(3) gauge theory in 3+1 dimension
• Glueball masses in the large N limit
• Continuum Thermodynamics of the GluoN_c Plasma
• Correlated adiabatic and isocurvature CMB fluctuations in the wake of the WMAP
• Thermodynamics of SU(N) Yang-Mills theories in 2+1 dimensions I - The confining phase
• Gravitational probes of ultra-light axions
• Cold Dark Matter Isocurvature Perturbations: Cosmological Constraints and Applications

Cited by in corpus (13)

• Gravitational Waves from Dark Yang-Mills Sectors
• Cosmic strings from pure Yang-Mills theory
• Dark atoms and composite dark matter
• Dark QCD Matters
• SMBH Seeds from Dissipative Dark Matter
• Cosmic F- and D-strings from pure Yang-Mills theory
• Glueballs in a Thermal Squeezeout Model
• Dark Sector Glueballs at the LHC
• Hidden Dark Matter from Starobinsky Inflation
• Manifesting hidden dynamics of a sub-component dark matter
• General Freeze-in and Freeze-out
• Jump Starting the Dark Sector with a Phase Transition
• An Analytic Treatment of Underdamped Axionic Blue Isocurvature Perturbations