A Critical Assessment of Photometric Redshift Methods: A CANDELS Investigation

Abstract

We present results from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) photometric redshift methods investigation. In this investigation, the results from eleven participants, each using a different combination of photometric redshift code, template spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and priors, are used to examine the properties of photometric redshifts applied to deep fields with broad-band multi-wavelength coverage. The photometry used includes U-band through mid-infrared filters and was derived using the TFIT method. Comparing the results, we find that there is no particular code or set of template SEDs that results in significantly better photometric redshifts compared to others. However, we find codes producing the lowest scatter and outlier fraction utilize a training sample to optimize photometric redshifts by adding zero-point offsets, template adjusting or adding extra smoothing errors. These results therefore stress the importance of the training procedure. We find a strong dependence of the photometric redshift accuracy on the signal-to-noise ratio of the photometry. On the other hand, we find a weak dependence of the photometric redshift scatter with redshift and galaxy color. We find that most photometric redshift codes quote redshift errors (e.g., 68% confidence intervals) that are too small compared to that expected from the spectroscopic control sample. We find that all codes show a statistically significant bias in the photometric redshifts. However, the bias is in all cases smaller than the scatter, the latter therefore dominates the errors. Finally, we find that combining results from multiple codes significantly decreases the photometric redshift scatter and outlier fraction. We discuss different ways of combining data to produce accurate photometric redshifts and error estimates.

arXiv comment26 pages, 15 figures, ApJ in press

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• Local Two-Sample Testing: A New Tool for Analysing High-Dimensional Astronomical Data
• Galaxy clustering using photometric redshifts
• The Dwarf Galaxy Population at $z\sim 0.7$: A Catalog of Emission Lines and Redshifts from Deep Keck Observations
• Improved photometric redshifts with colour-constrained galaxy templates for future wide-area surveys
• UV slope of z$\sim$3 bright ($L>L^{\ast }$) Lyman-break galaxies in the COSMOS field
• Prospects of probing dark energy with eLISA: Standard versus null diagnostics
• Properties of galaxies at the faint end of the H$\alpha$ luminosity function at $z\sim 0.62$
• Searching for low-redshift faint galaxies with MMT/Hectospec
• Hawaii Two-0: High-redshift galaxy clustering and bias
• Spectrophotometric Redshifts In The Faint Infrared Grism Survey: Finding Overdensities Of Faint Galaxies
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Deep Field Optical + Near-Infrared Images and Catalogue
• CLAP. I. Resolving miscalibration for deep learning-based galaxy photometric redshift estimation
• Spectrophotometric redshifts for $\mathrm{z}\sim 1$ galaxies and predictions for number densities with WFIRST and Euclid
• A Complete 16 micron-Selected Galaxy Sample at $z\sim 1$: Mid-infrared Spectral Energy Distributions
• The miniJPAS survey: Maximising the photo-z accuracy from multi-survey datasets with probability conflation
• Improved SED-Fitting Assumptions Result in Inside-Out Quenching at $z\sim 0.5$ and Quenching at All Radii Simultaneously at $z\sim 1$
• Learn from every mistake! Hierarchical information combination in astronomy
• Improving photometric redshifts with Ly$\alpha$ tomography
• The diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background radiation: star-forming galaxies are not the dominant component
• Enhanced AGN Activity in Overdense Galactic Environments at $2<z<4$
• Parameter estimation of eccentric massive black hole binaries with LISA and its cosmological implications
• Environmental Invariance of the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation
• MIGHTEE: The dark matter haloes, duty cycle and mechanical feedback from radio-AGN up to $z\sim 2.5$
• The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): An extragalactic catalog covering $\sim$ 5 virial radii around NGC 1399 with galaxy properties
• The Redshifts from 122 Bands: Comparative Redshift Forecast for Low-Resolution Spectra from SPHEREx and 7-Dimensional Sky Survey (7DS)
• Possible Ongoing Merger Discovered by Photometry and Spectroscopy in the Field of the Galaxy Cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0
• Spectral energy distribution similarity of the local galaxies and the 3.6um selected galaxies from the Spitzer Extended Deep Survey
• Low X-Ray Luminosity Galaxy Clusters: Main goals, sample selection, photometric and spectroscopic observations
• TOPz: Photometric redshifts using template fitting applied to the GAMA survey