Searching for [CII] Emission from the First Sample of $z\sim 6$ OI Absorption-Associated Galaxies with ALMA

Abstract

We report the first statistical analyses of [CII] and dust continuum observations in six strong OI absorber fields at the end of the reionization epoch obtained by the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). Combined with one [CII] emitter reported in Wu et al. (2021), we detect one OI-associated [CII] emitter in six fields. At redshifts of OI-absorbers in non-detection fields, no emitters are brighter than our detection limit within impact parameters of 50 kpc and velocity offsets between $\pm 200\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. The averaged [CII]-detection upper limit is $<0.06$ Jy $\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ (3$\sigma$), corresponding to the [CII] luminosity of $L_{[\mathrm{CII}]}<5.8\times 10^7{L}_{\odot }$ and the [CII]-based star formation rate of $\mathrm{SF}{\mathrm{R}}_{[\mathrm{CII}]}<5.5$ $M_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$. Cosmological simulations suggest that only $\sim 10^{-2.5}$ [CII] emitters around [OI] absorbers have comparable SFR to our detection limit. Although the detection in one out of six fields is reported, an order of magnitude number excess of emitters obtained from our ALMA observations supports that the contribution of massive galaxies that caused the metal enrichment cannot be ignored. Further, we also found 14 tentative galaxy candidates with S/N of $\approx 4.3$ at large impact parameters ($>50$ kpc) and having larger outflow velocities within $\pm 600$ km s${}^{-1}$. If these detections are confirmed in the future, then the mechanism of pushing metals at larger distances with higher velocities needs to be further explored from the theoretical side.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ. Main text 10 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (60)

• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code
• CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission
• The Structure and Kinematics of the Circum-Galactic Medium from Far-UV Spectra of z~2-3 Galaxies
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Uncertainties Affecting the Stellar Mass - Halo Mass Relation for 0<z<4
• MultiDark simulations: the story of dark matter halo concentrations and density profiles
• Gusty, gaseous flows of FIRE: galactic winds in cosmological simulations with explicit stellar feedback
• The Interstellar Medium In Galaxies Seen A Billion Years After The Big Bang
• Star Formation and Gas Kinematics of Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6: New insights from ALMA
• The Pan-STARRS1 distant z>5.6 quasar survey: more than 100 quasars within the first Gyr of the universe
• The Mass-Concentration-Redshift Relation of Cold and Warm Dark Matter Halos
• MUFASA: Galaxy Formation Simulations With Meshless Hydrodynamics
• Lenstronomy: multi-purpose gravitational lens modelling software package
• Lyman Alpha Radiation From Collapsing Protogalaxies I: Characteristics of the Emergent Spectrum
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties
• ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey Description
• Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6
• Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: galaxy scaling relations, stellar mass functions, and luminosity functions
• lenstronomy II: A gravitational lensing software ecosystem
• Exploring Reionization-Era Quasars III: Discovery of 16 Quasars at $6.4\lesssim z\lesssim 6.9$ with DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys and UKIRT Hemisphere Survey and Quasar Luminosity Function at $z\sim 6.7$
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. Little to no evolution in the [CII]-SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr
• Radiative Transfer Modeling of Lyman Alpha Emitters. I. Statistics of Spectra and Luminosity
• EIGER I. a large sample of [OIII]-emitting galaxies at $5.3<z<6.9$ and direct evidence for local reionization by galaxies
• First Identification of 10-kpc Scale [CII] 158um Halos around Star-Forming Galaxies at z=5-7
• ALMA Census of Faint 1.2 mm Sources Down to ~0.02 mJy: Extragalactic Background Light and Dust-Poor High-z Galaxies
• Simulating cosmic metal enrichment by the first galaxies
• ALMA Observations Show Major Mergers Among the Host Galaxies of Fast-growing, High-redshift Supermassive Black Holes
• The environment of bright QSOs at z ~ 6: Star forming galaxies and X-ray emission
• Exploring Reionization-Era Quasars IV: Discovery of Six New $z\gtrsim 6.5$ Quasars with DES, VHS and unWISE Photometry
• Halo Profiles and the Concentration-Mass Relation for a ΛCDM Universe
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: Multi-band constraints on line luminosity functions and the cosmic density of molecular gas
• ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Search for [CII] line and dust emission in 6<z<8 galaxies
• Tracing the Reionization-Epoch Intergalactic Medium with Metal Absorption Lines
• ALMA Characterises the Dust Temperature of z ~ 5.5 Star-Forming Galaxies
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: CO emission lines and 3 mm continuum sources
• GOODS-ALMA 2.0: Source catalog, number counts, and prevailing compact sizes in 1.1 mm galaxies
• High-Redshift Metals. II. Probing Reionization Galaxies with Low-Ionization Absorption Lines at Redshift Six
• The Evolution of O I over 3.2 < z < 6.5: Reionization of the Circumgalactic Medium
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: Deep 1.2 mm continuum number counts
• Resolved [CII] Emission from z>6 Quasar Host -- Companion Galaxy Pairs
• Probing the Dark Ages with Metal Absorption Lines
• Heavy Element Absorption Systems at $5.0<z<6.8$: Metal-Poor Neutral Gas and a Diminishing Signature of Highly Ionized Circumgalactic Matter
• Testing the effect of galactic feedback on the IGM at z ~ 6 with metal-line absorbers
• Probing the metallicity and ionization state of the circumgalactic medium at z~6 and beyond with OI absorption
• The Host Halos of OI Absorbers in the Reionization Epoch
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: A model to explain observed 1.1 and 0.85 millimeter dust continuum number counts
• Constraining galaxy overdensities around three z~6.5 quasars with ALMA and MUSE
• No Evidence for Millimeter Continuum Source Overdensities in the Environments of $z\gtrsim 6$ Quasars
• Large-scale environment of z~5.7 CIV absorption systems I: projected distribution of galaxies
• MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) -- V: Linking ionized gas traced by CIV and SiIV absorbers to Ly$\alpha$ emitting galaxies at $z\approx 3.0-4.5$
• The Faint Host Galaxies of C IV Absorbers at z > 5
• ALMA reveals large overdensity and strong clustering of galaxies in quasar environments at $z\sim 4$
• Large-scale environment of $z\sim 5.7$ CIV absorption systems -II. Spectroscopy of Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters
• Faint LAEs near z>4.7 CIV absorbers revealed by MUSE
• Evolution of Neutral Oxygen During the Epoch of Reionization and its Use in Estimating the Neutral Hydrogen Fraction
• Strong Mg II and Fe II Absorbers at 2.2 < z < 6.0
• A galaxy as the source of a Civ absorption system close to the epoch of reionization
• Probing the Metal Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium at $z=5-6$ Using the Hubble Space Telescope
• A [C II] 158$\mu$m Emitter Associated with an OI Absorber at the End of the Reionization Epoch
• EIGER IV: The cool 10${}^4$K circumgalactic environment of high-$z$ galaxies reveals remarkably efficient IGM enrichment

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Mapping the z>=5 SiIV Column Density Distribution onto the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function Using the Cumulative Absorption Cross Section
• The stellar population of a $z\sim 3.25$ Ly$\alpha$ emitting group associated with a damped Ly$\alpha$ absorber