Testing the existence of non-Maxwellian electron distributions in H II regions after assessing atomic data accuracy

Abstract

The classic optical nebular diagnostics [N II], [O II], [O III], [S II], [S III], and [Ar III] are employed to search for evidence of non-Maxwellian electron distributions, namely $\kappa$ distributions, in a sample of well-observed Galactic H II regions. By computing new effective collision strengths for all these systems and A-values when necessary (e.g. S II), and by comparing with previous collisional and radiative datasets, we have been able to obtain realistic estimates of the electron-temperature dispersion caused by the atomic data, which in most cases are not larger than $\sim 10$%. If the uncertainties due to both observation and atomic data are then taken into account, it is plausible to determine for some nebulae a representative average temperature while in others there are at least two plasma excitation regions. For the latter, it is found that the diagnostic temperature differences in the high-excitation region, e.g. $T_e$(O III), $T_e$(S III), and $T_e$(Ar III), cannot be conciliated by invoking $\kappa$ distributions. For the low excitation region, it is possible in some, but not all, cases to arrive at a common, lower temperature for [N II], [O II], and [S II] with $\kappa \approx 10$, which would then lead to significant abundance enhancements for these ions. An analytic formula is proposed to generate accurate $\kappa$-averaged excitation rate coefficients (better than 10% for $\kappa \ge 5$) from temperature tabulations of the Maxwell-Boltzmann effective collision strengths.

44 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (5)

• Resolving the electron temperature discrepancies in HII Regions and Planetary Nebulae: kappa-distributed electrons
• Properties of the ionized gas in HH202. II: Results from echelle spectrophotometry with UVES
• Faint emission lines in the Galactic H II regions M16, M20 and NGC 3603
• Discrepancies between the [OIII] and [SIII] Temperatures in HII Regions
• Enrichment of the ISM by metal-rich droplets and the abundance bias in HII regions

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• CHAOS I: Direct Chemical Abundances for HII Regions in NGC 628
• Injection of $\kappa$-like Suprathermal Particles into Diffusive Shock Acceleration
• Physical Properties of Massive Compact Starburst Galaxies with Extreme Outflows
• Effective collision strengths for excitation and de-excitation of nebular [O III] optical and infrared lines with kappa distributed electron energies
• Electron Energy Distributions in the Extended Gas Nebulae associated with High-z AGN: Maxwell-Boltzmann vs. kappa distributions
• Physical and chemical properties of Wolf-Rayet planetary nebulae