The NEWFIRM Medium-band Survey: Photometric Catalogs, Redshifts and the Bimodal Color Distribution of Galaxies out to z~3

Abstract

We present deep near-infrared (NIR) medium-bandwidth photometry over the wavelength range 1-1.8 microns in the All-wavelength Extended Groth strip International Survey (AEGIS) and Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) fields. The observations were carried out as part of the NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey (NMBS), an NOAO survey program on the Mayall 4m telescope on Kitt Peak using the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field Infrared Imager (NEWFIRM). In this paper, we describe the full details of the observations, data reduction and photometry for the survey. We also present a public K-selected photometric catalog, along with accurate photometric redshifts. The redshifts are computed with 37 (20) filters in the COSMOS (AEGIS) fields, combining the NIR medium-bandwidth data with existing ultraviolet (UV; Galaxy Evolution Explorer), visible and NIR (Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and Subaru) and mid-IR (Spitzer/IRAC) imaging. We find excellent agreement with publicly available spectroscopic redshifts, with sigma_z/(1+z)~1-2% for ~4000 galaxies at z=0-3. The NMBS catalogs contain ~13,000 galaxies at z>1.5 with accurate photometric redshifts and rest-frame colors. Due to the increased spectral resolution obtained with the five NIR medium-band filters, the median 68% confidence intervals of the photometric redshifts of both quiescent and star-forming galaxies are a factor of ~2 times smaller when comparing catalogs with medium-band NIR photometry to NIR broadband photometry. We show evidence for a clear bimodal color distribution between quiescent and star-forming galaxies that persists to z~3, a higher redshift than has been probed so far.

All NMBS data products and a high resolution version of paper are available for download at http://www.astro.yale.edu/nmbs; Accepted for publication in ApJ; 24 pages, 21 figures, 4 tables

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• Galaxy Structure, Stellar Populations, and Star Formation Quenching at 0.6 $\lesssim$ $z$ $\lesssim$ 1.2
• The structure and evolution of a forming galaxy cluster at z = 1.62
• Brightest Group Galaxies: Stellar Mass and Star Formation Rate (paper I)
• Revisiting the role of the Thermally-Pulsating Asymptotic Giant Branch phase in high-redshift galaxies
• Tracing the Mass Growth and Star Formation Rate Evolution of Massive Galaxies from z~6 to z~1 in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field
• Euclid preparation: XXII. Selection of Quiescent Galaxies from Mock Photometry using Machine Learning
• Evidence for the Universality of Properties of Red-Sequence Galaxies in X-ray- and Red-Sequence-Selected Clusters at z ~ 1
• AGN Feedback in Quiescent Galaxies at Cosmic Noon Traced by Ionized Gas Emission
• Across the Green Valley with HST grisms: colour evolution, crossing time-scales and the growth of the red sequence at $z=1.0-1.8$
• The galaxy mass-size relation in CARLA clusters and proto-clusters at 1.4 < z < 2.8: larger cluster galaxy sizes
• Euclid: The selection of quiescent and star-forming galaxies using observed colours
• The evolution of the rest-frame J- and H-band luminosity function of galaxies to z=3.5
• Reconstructing the Assembly of Massive Galaxies. II. Galaxies Develop Massive and Dense Stellar Cores as They Evolve and Head Toward Quiescence at Cosmic Noon
• REQUIEM-2D: A diversity of formation pathways in a sample of spatially-resolved massive quiescent galaxies at z~2
• The NEWFIRM HETDEX Survey: Photometric Catalog and a Conservative Sample of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z=3-5 over 17.5 deg^2 in the SHELA Field
• Redshift Evolution of Green Valley Galaxies in Different Environments from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• A Strongly-Lensed Massive Ultra-Compact Quiescent Galaxy at z ~ 2.4 in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Field
• Passive and star-forming galaxies at $1.4\le z\le 2.5$ in the Aegis field
• Exploring Proxies for the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Massive galaxy formation caught in action at z~5 with JWST
• The GOGREEN Survey: Constraining the Satellite Quenching Timescale in Massive Clusters at $\mathbf{z}\gtrsim 1$
• Differences in the structural properties and star-formation rates of field and cluster galaxies at z~1
• High Redshift Massive Quiescent Galaxies are as Flat as Star Forming Galaxies: The Flattening of Galaxies and the Correlation with Structural Properties in CANDELS/3D-HST
• Ubiquitous [OII] Emission in Quiescent Galaxies at z ~ 0.85
• SHARDS: A global view of the star formation activity at z~0.84 and z~1.23
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) III: fundamental plane of cluster galaxies at $z\simeq 1.80$ in JKCS 041
• A Framework for Empirical Galaxy Phenomenology: The Scatter in Galaxy Ages and Stellar Metallicities
• Stellar populations, stellar masses and the formation of galaxy bulges and discs at $z<3$ in CANDELS
• SImulator of GAlaxy Millimetre/submillimetre Emission (SIGAME): CO emission from massive z=2 main-sequence galaxies
• AGN in dusty hosts: implications for galaxy evolution
• Massive High-Redshift Quiescent Galaxies With JWST
• Evaluating Tests of Virialization and Substructure Using Galaxy Clusters in the ORELSE Survey
• Probing the Star Formation Main Sequence down to $10^8$ M${}_{\odot }$ at $1.0<z<3.0$
• Constraints on the Evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function I: Role of Star Formation, Mergers and Stellar Stripping
• The H$\alpha$ star formation main sequence in cluster and field galaxies at $z\sim 1.6$
• When the Well Runs Dry: Modeling Environmental Quenching of High-mass Satellites in Massive Clusters at \boldmath$z\gtrsim 1$
• Characterizing the satellites of massive galaxies up to z~2: young populations to build the outskirts of nearby massive galaxies
• Exploring the High-Mass End of the Stellar Mass Function of Star Forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• Revealing Dust Obscured Star Formation in CLJ1449+0856, a Cluster at z=2
• Clustering of Extremely Red Objects in Elais-N1 from the UKIDSS DXS with optical photometry from Pan-STARRS1 and Subaru
• Early results from GLASS-JWST XV: properties of the faintest red sources in the NIRCAM deep fields
• Near-IR clumps and their properties in high-z galaxies with JWST/NIRCam
• A methodology to select galaxies just after the quenching of star formation
• Testing the accuracy of 3D-HST photometric redshift estimates as reference samples for deep weak lensing studies
• Listening to galaxies tuning at z ~ 2.5 - 3.0: The first strikes of the Hubble fork
• Finite Resolution Deconvolution of Multi-Wavelength Imaging of 20,000 Galaxies in the COSMOS Field: The Evolution of Clumpy Galaxies Over Cosmic Time
• What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? Open Questions in Our Understanding of Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• HST F160W Imaging of Very Massive Galaxies at $1.5<z<3.0$: Diversity of Structures and the Effect of Close Pairs on Number Density Estimates
• Star-forming galaxies at low-redshift in the SHARDS survey
• CLEAR: The Morphological Evolution of Galaxies in the Green Valley
• Detection of Prominent Stellar Disks in the Progenitors of Present-day Massive Elliptical Galaxies
• Evolution of the anti-truncated stellar profiles of S0 galaxies since $z=0.6$ in the SHARDS survey: I - Sample and Methods
• Complete IRAC mapping of the CFHTLS-DEEP, MUSYC AND NMBS-II FIELDS
• A simple spectroscopic technique to identify rejuvenating galaxies
• Compact Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts Quench Faster than Normal-sized Galaxies
• The MOSDEF Survey: Stellar Continuum Spectra and Star Formation Histories of Active, Transitional, and Quiescent Galaxies at 1.4$<$\lowercase{z}$<$2.6
• A Fully-Identified Sample of AEGIS20 Microjansky Radio Sources
• 3D-DASH: The Widest Near-Infrared Hubble Space Telescope Survey
• Strong spectral features from asymptotic giant branch stars in distant quiescent galaxies
• Bulgeless disks, dark galaxies, inverted color gradients, and other expected phenomena at higher z. The chromatic surface brightness modulation (CMOD) effect
• Denser Environments Cultivate Larger Galaxies: A Comprehensive Study beyond the Local Universe with 3 Million Hyper Suprime-Cam Galaxies
• The mass dependence of structure, star formation rate, and mass assembly mode at 0.5<z< 2.5
• ALMA 26 arcmin${}^2$ survey of GOODS-S at one-millimeter (ASAGAO): millimeter properties of stellar mass selected galaxies
• Galaxy growth from redshift 5 to 0 at fixed comoving number density
• A deeper look at the dust attenuation law of star-forming galaxies at high redshift
• Structures, stellar population properties, AGN fractions, and environments of massive compact galaxies at $1<z<2$ in 3D--{\it HST}/CANDELS
• Not Hydro: Using Neural Networks to estimate galaxy properties on a Dark-Matter-Only simulation
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. XX: Unveiling a population of "red-excess'' galaxies in Abell2744 and in the coeval field
• Linking galaxies to dark matter haloes at $z\sim 1$ : dependence of galaxy clustering on stellar mass and specific star formation rate
• Multi-band Optical and Near-infrared Properties of Faint Submillimeter Galaxies with Serendipitous ALMA Detections
• Near-infrared spectroscopy of 5 ultra-massive galaxies at 1.7 < z < 2.7
• MAGAZ3NE: Massive, Extremely Dusty Galaxies at $z\sim 2$ Lead to Photometric Overestimation of Number Densities of the Most Massive Galaxies at $3<z<4$
• Probabilistic and progressive deblended far-infrared and sub-millimetre point source catalogues I. Methodology and first application in the COSMOS field
• Probing galaxy evolution from $z=0$ to $z\simeq 10$ through galaxy scaling relations in three L-Galaxies flavours
• Evolution of the anti-truncated stellar profiles of S0 galaxies since $z=0.6$ in the SHARDS survey: II - Structural and photometric evolution
• Influence of star-forming galaxy selection on the galaxy main sequence
• The mass-dependent UVJ diagram at cosmic noon: A challenge for galaxy evolution models and dust radiative transfer
• Color dependence of clustering of massive galaxies at 0.5$\le z\le$2.5: similar spatial distributions between green valley galaxies and AGNs
• X-ray properties of K-selected galaxies at 0.5<z<2.0: Investigating trends with stellar mass, redshift and spectral type
• High dense gas fraction in a gas-rich star-forming galaxy at z = 1.2
• Bimodality of Galaxy Disk Central Surface Brightness Distribution in the Spitzer 3.6 micron band
• NGDEEP: The Star Formation and Ionization Properties of Galaxies at $1.7<z<3.4$
• RUBIES spectroscopically confirms the high number density of quiescent galaxies from $2<\mathbf{z}<5$
• Galaxy populations of ProtoClusters in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• A $K_s$-band selected catalogue of objects in the ALHAMBRA survey
• AGN lifetimes in UV-selected galaxies: a clue to supermassive black hole-host galaxy coevolution
• Spitzer's View of the Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC)
• Recently Quenched Galaxies at z = 0.2 - 4.8 in the COSMOS UltraVISTA Field
• A multi-band AGN-SFG classifier for extragalactic radio surveys using machine learning
• Evolution of 3-dimensional Shape of Passively Evolving and Star-forming Galaxies at $z<1$
• COSMOS-Web galaxy groups: Evolution of red sequence and quiescent galaxy fraction
• Empirical Dust Attenuation Model Leads to More Realistic UVJ Diagram for TNG100 Galaxies
• Constraints on the Evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function II: Quenching Timescale of Galaxies and its Implication for their Star Formation Rate
• The abundance of massive compact galaxies at $1.0<z<3.0$ in 3D-HST/CANDELS
• Constraint on the Gas-to-Dust Ratio in Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z~1.4
• Decoupled Black Hole Accretion and Quenching: The Relationship Between BHAR, SFR, and Quenching in Milky Way and Andromeda-mass Progenitors Since z = 2.5
• Taking a Break at Cosmic Noon: Continuum-selected Low-mass Galaxies Require Long Burst Cycles
• Gas-to-dust ratio in massive star-forming galaxies at z~1.4
• A subarcsecond near-infrared view of massive galaxies at z > 1 with Gemini Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics
• Are the hosts of VLBI selected radio-AGN different to those of radio-loud AGN?
• Active Galactic Nuclei in the Green Valley at z$\sim$0.7
• The VANDELS Survey: Star formation and quenching in two over-densities at 3 < z < 4
• Estimating lifetimes of uv-selected massive galaxies at $0.5\le z\le 2.5$ in the cosmos/ultravista field through clustering analyses
• Insights into environmental quenching at $z\sim 1$: an enhancement of faint, low-mass passive galaxies in clusters
• Investigating the Dominant Environmental Quenching Process in UVCANDELS/COSMOS Groups
• Star formation history of $0.1\le \text{z}\le 1.5$ mass-selected galaxies in the ELAIS-N1 Field
• Dust Properties of Clumpy Disc Galaxies at z~1.3 with Herschel-SPIRE
• The effect of environment on the properties of the most massive galaxies at $0.5<z<2.5$ in the cosmos-dash field
• Improved SED-Fitting Assumptions Result in Inside-Out Quenching at $z\sim 0.5$ and Quenching at All Radii Simultaneously at $z\sim 1$
• Even redder than we knew: color and $A_{\mathrm{V}}$ evolution up to $z=2.5$ from JWST/NIRCam photometry
• JWST reveals extended stellar disks for ALMA-bright dusty star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster
• The Stellar Population of Metal-Poor Galaxies at z $\approx$ 0.8 and the Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation
• Unveiling the Dark Side of UV/Optical Bright Galaxies: Optically Thick Dust Absorption
• The COSMOS Wall at z$\sim$0.73: star-forming galaxies and their evolution in different environments
• Automatic morphological classification of galaxies: convolutional autoencoder and bagging-based multiclustering model
• Euclid preparation: TBD. Cosmic Dawn Survey: evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function across 0.2<z<6.5 measured over 10 square degrees
• Compact dust-obscured star-formation and the origin of the galaxy bimodality
• Measuring the gas reservoirs in $10^8<$ M${}_{\star }<10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$ galaxies at $1\le z\le 3$
• VENUS: Strong-lensing model of MACS J1931.8-2635 -- revealing the farthest multiply imaged supernova
• The PAU Survey: Classifying low-z SEDs using Machine Learning clustering
• ALMA measures molecular gas reservoirs comparable to field galaxies in a low-mass galaxy cluster at z=1.3
• The Physical Properties of Star-Forming Galaxies with Strong [O III] Lines at z=3.25
• 3D intrinsic shapes of quiescent galaxies in observations and simulations
• Emergence of red, star-forming galaxies (red misfits) in a ΛCDM universe
• Introducing the FLAMINGOS-2 Split-K Medium Band Filters: The Impact on Photometric Selection of High-z Galaxies in the FENIKS-pilot survey
• An empirical model of the extragalactic radio background
• The Compact Star-Forming Galaxies at $2<z<3$ in 3D-HST/CANDELS: AGN and Non-AGN Physical Properties
• Galaxy disc central surface brightness distribution in the optical and near-infrared bands
• Spectral energy distribution similarity of the local galaxies and the 3.6um selected galaxies from the Spitzer Extended Deep Survey
• Environmental Sculpting of Galaxy Structure at Fixed Stellar Mass: A Multi-Scale Analysis Across Cosmic Time using 3 Million HSC Galaxies
• Morphological Transformation and Star Formation Quenching of Massive Galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 in 3D-HST/CANDELS
• A quantitative assessment of completeness correction methods and public release of a versatile simulation code