The K20 survey. III. Photometric and spectroscopic properties of the sample

Abstract

The K20 survey is an ESO VLT optical and near-infrared spectroscopic survey aimed at obtaining spectral information and redshifts of a complete sample of about 550 objects to K_s\leq20.0 over two independent fields with a total area of 52 arcmin^2. In this paper we discuss the scientific motivation of such a survey, we describe the photometric and spectroscopic properties of the sample, and we release the $K_s$-band photometric catalog. Extensive simulations showed that the sample is photometrically highly complete to K_s=20. The observed galaxy counts and the R-K_s color distribution are consistent with literature results. We observed spectroscopically 94% of the sample, reaching a spectroscopic redshift identification completeness of 92% to K_s\leq20.0 for the observed targets, and of 87% for the whole sample (i.e. counting also the unobserved targets). Deep spectroscopy was complemented with multi-band deep imaging in order to derive tested and reliable photometric redshifts for the galaxies lacking spectroscopic redshifts. The results show a very good agreement between the spectroscopic and the photometric redshifts with <z_{spe}-z_{phot}>=0.01 and with a dispersion of σ_{Δz}=0.09. Using both the spectroscopic and the photometric redshifts, we reached an overall redshift completeness of about 98%. The size of the sample, the redshift completeness, the availability of high quality photometric redshifts and multicolor spectral energy distributions make the K20 survey database one of the most complete samples available to date for constraining the currently competing scenarios of galaxy formation and for a variety of other galaxy evolution studies.

arXiv comment13 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (37)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution from Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields
• The Star Formation History of Field Galaxies
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Near Infrared Galaxy Luminosity Functions
• The Nature of High-Redshift Galaxies
• First Results from the X-ray and Optical Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South
• The K-Band Galaxy Luminosity Function
• Evolution of the Hubble Sequence in Hierarchical Models for Galaxy Formation
• The Ages of Elliptical Galaxies in a Merger Model
• Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey X: A Redshift Survey in the Region of the Hubble Deep Field North
• The K20 survey. I. Disentangling old and dusty star-forming galaxies in the ERO population
• The CANADA-FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY I: Introduction to the Survey, Photometric Catalogs and Surface Brightness Selection Effects
• The K-band luminosity function at z=1: a powerful constraint on galaxy formation theory
• Photometric redshifts and selection of high redshift galaxies in the NTT and Hubble Deep Fields
• Quantitative Morphology of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• The Hawaii K-Band Galaxy Survey. II. Bright K-band Imaging
• Subaru Deep Survey I. Near-Infrared Observations
• A wide-field K-band survey - I. Galaxy counts in B, V, I and K
• Colors and K-Band Counts of Extremely Faint Field Galaxies
• An imaging K-band survey - I: The catalogue, star and galaxy counts
• A K-band Selected Photometric Redshift Catalog in the HDF-S: Sampling the Rest-Frame V-Band to z=3
• Deep near-IR observations of the Chandra Deep Field and of the HDF-South - Color and Number Counts
• The Near-Infrared Number Counts and Luminosity Functions of Local Galaxies
• The Spatial Clustering of Distant, z~1, Early-Type Galaxies
• The K20 survey. II. The Different Spatial Clustering of z~1 Old and Dusty Star-Forming EROs
• K-Band Galaxy Counts in the South Galactic Pole Region
• Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey VIII: Analysis for the Field J0053+1234
• Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey VII: Data Analysis Techniques and Redshifts in the Field J0053+1234
• A Deep Multicolor Survey. VI. Near-Infrared Observations, Selection Effects, and Number Counts
• Systematic Biases in Galaxy Luminosity Functions
• The Munich Near-Infrared Cluster Survey (MUNICS) - Number density evolution of massive field galaxies to z ~ 1.2 as derived from the K-band selected survey
• High redshift evolution of optically and IR-selected galaxies: a comparison with CDM scenarios
• The ESO K'-band Galaxy Survey - Galaxy Counts
• A Massive Disk Galaxy at z=1.34
• An Optical/Near-Infrared Study of Radio-Loud Quasar Environments I. Methods and z=1-2 Observations
• Early-type Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. The <mu_e>-r_e relation and the lack of large galaxies at high redshift

Cited by in corpus (139)

• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey: Initial Results From Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging
• The SINS survey: SINFONI Integral Field Spectroscopy of z ~ 2 Star-forming Galaxies
• Galaxy Luminosity Functions to z~1: DEEP2 vs. COMBO-17 and Implications for Red Galaxy Formation
• Passively Evolving Early-type Galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• A new photometric technique for the joint selection of star-forming and passive galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5
• The Mass Assembly History of Field Galaxies: Detection of an Evolving Mass Limit for Star Forming Galaxies
• The Chandra Deep Field South: Optical Spectroscopy I
• The NEWFIRM Medium-band Survey: Photometric Catalogs, Redshifts and the Bimodal Color Distribution of Galaxies out to z~3
• Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: I. Detection, Multiband Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Morphology
• Old Galaxies in the Young Universe
• A catalogue of the Chandra Deep Field South with multi-colour classification and photometric redshifts from COMBO-17
• Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation
• The Galaxy Population Hosting Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The Mass Assembly Histories of Galaxies of Various Morphologies in the GOODS Fields
• The K20 survey. VI. The Distribution of the Stellar Masses in Galaxies up to z~2
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field: Part III
• An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Redshift Distribution and Evolution of Submillimeter Galaxies
• Star Formation and Extinction in Redshift z~2 Galaxies: Inferences from Spitzer MIPS Observations
• GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at 1.4<z<2. II. Superdense passive galaxies: how did they form and evolve ?
• The SWIRE-VVDS-CFHTLS surveys: stellar mass assembly over the last 10 Gyears. Evidence for a major build up of the red sequence between z=2 and z=1
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey - VLT/VIMOS Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field: Part II
• Mass downsizing and "top-down" assembly of early-type galaxies
• The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Medium-Band optical imaging and high quality 32-band photometric redshifts in the ECDF-S
• The VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey: Evolution of the galaxy luminosity function up to z=2 in first epoch data
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. VLT/VIMOS Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field
• The [C II] emission as a molecular gas mass tracer in galaxies at low and high redshift
• GALEV evolutionary synthesis models - I. Code, input physics and web-interface
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: SINFONI adaptive optics-assisted data and kiloparsec-scale emission line properties
• A Highly Complete Spectroscopic Survey of the GOODS-N Field
• The K20 survey. VII. The spectroscopic catalogue: spectral properties and evolution of the galaxy population
• Semi-analytical model of galaxy formation with high-resolution N-body simulations
• The Build-up of the Colour-Magnitude Relation as a Function of Environment
• A Census of Optical and Near-Infrared Selected Star-Forming and Passively Evolving Galaxies at Redshift Z~2
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field: Part II
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey - VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: Evidence for powerful AGN-driven nuclear outflows in massive star-forming galaxies
• Quasar Luminosity Functions from Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• The K20 survey. V The evolution of the near-IR Luminosity Function
• Near-IR bright galaxies at z~2. Entering the spheroid formation epoch ?
• The Evolution of AGN Host Galaxies: From Blue to Red and the Influence of Large-Scale Structures
• Deep U band and R imaging of GOODS-South: Observations,data reduction and first results
• MoMaF : The Mock Map Facility
• Tracing the large scale structure in the Chandra Deep Field South
• A Public, K-Selected, Optical-to-Near-Infrared Catalog of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS) from the MUltiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC)
• A wide area survey for high-redshift massive galaxies. I. Number counts and clustering of BzKs and EROs
• The evolution of the specific star formation rate of massive galaxies to z ~ 1.8 in the E-CDFS
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey - VLT/ISAAC Near-Infrared Imaging of the GOODS-South Field
• Connecting the cosmic infrared background to the X-ray background
• 531 new spectroscopic redshifts from the CDFS and a test on the cosmological relevance of the GOODS-South field
• The evolution of early-type galaxies at z~1 from the K20 survey
• The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey - Evolution of the luminosity functions by galaxy type up to z=1.5 from first epoch data
• The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): The morphological content and enviromental dependence of the galaxy color-magnitude relation at z~0.7
• GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z ~ 2. IV. The variety of dust populations
• Photometric Redshifts for Galaxies in the GOODS Southern Field
• The evolution of the galaxy B-band rest-frame morphology to z~2: new clues from the K20/GOODS sample
• Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS Barred Disks and Bar Fractions
• Galaxy Zoo: Quantitative Visual Morphological Classifications for 48,000 galaxies from CANDELS
• GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z~2 - VII. Sample selection and spectroscopy
• The spatial clustering of X-ray selected AGN and galaxies in the Chandra Deep Field South and North
• Morphologies and Spectral Energy Distributions of Extremely Red Galaxies in the GOODS-South Field
• The SIMPLE survey: observations, reduction, and catalog
• The B-Band Luminosity Function of Red and Blue Galaxies up to z=3.5
• The evolution of the equivalent width of the Ha emission line and specific star-formation rate in star-forming galaxies at 1<z<5
• Bimodal Color Distribution in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• The Redshift Distribution of Near-IR Selected Galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey as a Test of Galaxy Formation Scenarios
• The population of early-type galaxies at 1<z<2 - New clues on their formation and evolution
• The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey: final Data Release of 2087 spectra and spectroscopic measurements
• Further constraints on the evolution of Ks-selected galaxies in the GOODS/CDFS field
• An X-ray Search for Compact Central Sources in Supernova Remnants I: SNRs G093.3+6.9, G315.4-2.3, G084.2+0.8, & G127.1+0.5
• IRAC Imaging of Lockman Hole
• The Rise of Massive Red Galaxies: the color-magnitude and color-stellar mass diagrams for z < ~2 from the MUltiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC)
• Multiple Star Formation to the Bottom of the IMF
• The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Wide K-band Imaging, Photometric Catalogs, Clustering and Physical Properties of Galaxies at z~2
• The HELLAS2XMM survey. V. Near-Infrared observations of X-ray sources with extreme X/O ratios
• GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at redshift z~2. I. The stellar metallicity
• Massive galaxies & EROs at z=1-3 in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations: near-IR properties
• Faint InfraRed Extragalactic Survey: Data and Source Catalogue of the MS1054-03 field
• The Number Density of Old Passively-Evolving Galaxies at z=1 in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey Field
• The manifold spectra and morphologies of EROs
• The evolution of the galaxy luminosity function in the rest frame blue band up to z=3.5
• The near-infrared luminosity function of cluster galaxies beyond redshift one
• Probing the evolution of the near-IR luminosity function of galaxies to z ~ 3 in the Hubble Deep Field South
• The zCOSMOS redshift survey: the three-dimensional classification cube and bimodality in galaxy physical properties
• Witnessing the assembly at z=1.6 of a galaxy cluster (GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z~2 - V)
• Near-IR Galaxy Counts and Evolution from the Wide-Field ALHAMBRA survey
• Presence of dust with a UV bump in massive, star-forming galaxies at 1 < z < 2.5
• The Gemini Deep Deep Survey: II. Metals in Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshift 1.3<z<2
• Strong Spatial Clustering of UV-selected Galaxies with Magnitude Ks<20.5 and Redshift Z~2
• The Munich Near-Infrared Cluster Survey (MUNICS) - V. The evolution of the rest-frame K-band and J-band galaxy luminosity functions to z ~ 0.7
• The VLA Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South. II. Identification and host galaxy properties of submillijansky sources
• Near-Infrared Properties of Moderate-Redshift Galaxy Clusters: Halo Occupation Number, Mass-to-Light Ratios and Omega_m
• A Comprehensive Study of Large Scale Structures in the GOODS-SOUTH Field up to z \sim 2.5
• The Structure and Star Formation History of Early-Type Galaxies in the UDF/GRAPES Survey
• The missing metals problem: II. How many metals are in z ~ 2.2 galaxies?
• Dark Galaxy Candidates at Redshift ~3.5 Detected with MUSE
• The Color Magnitude Distribution of Field Galaxies to z~3: the evolution and modeling of the blue sequence
• Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies at z >~ 1 Revealed from a Large, Multicolor Sample of Extremely Red Objects
• The Ks-band Luminosity and Stellar Mass Functions of Galaxies in z~1 Clusters
• A Photometrically Detected Forming Cluster of Galaxies at Redshift 1.6 in the GOODS Field
• Variability and Multiwavelength Detected AGN in the GOODS Fields
• From Nuclear to Circumgalactic: Zooming in on AGN-Driven Outflows at z~2.2 with SINFONI
• The evolution of Ks-selected galaxies in the GOODS/CDFS deep ISAAC field
• Spitzer Observations of the Prototypical Extremely Red Objects HR10 and LBDS53W091: Separating Dusty Starbursts from Old Elliptical Galaxies
• A new (2+1)D cluster finding algorithm based on photometric redshifts: large scale structure in the Chandra Deep Field South
• Multi-Wavelength Study of a Complete IRAC 3.6micron-Selected Galaxy Sample: a Fair Census of Red and Blue Populations at Redshifts 0.4-1
• Characterising the evolving $K$-band luminosity function using the UltraVISTA, CANDELS and HUDF surveys
• An ESO/VLT survey of NIR (Z<=25) selected galaxies at redshifts 4.5<z<6: constraining the cosmic star formation rate near the reionization epoch
• Extremely red galaxies: dust attenuation and classification
• The Subillimeter Properties of Extremely Red Objects in the CUDSS Fields
• Pure Luminosity Evolution Models: Too Few Massive Galaxies at Intermediate and High Redshift
• A deep i-selected multi-waveband galaxy catalogue in the COSMOS field
• The contribution of very massive high-redshift SWIRE galaxies to the stellar mass function
• The evolution of the rest-frame J- and H-band luminosity function of galaxies to z=3.5
• Metal enrichment in near-IR luminous galaxies at z~2: signatures of proto-ellipticals?
• The hybrid solution for the Fundamental Plane
• The Capodimonte Deep Field I - Presentation of the survey and first follow-up studies
• The active and passive populations of Extremely Red Objects
• Structure and Evolution of Starburst and Normal Galaxies
• The DRaGONS Survey: A Search for High Redshift Radio Galaxies And Heavily Obscured AGNs
• Massive, red galaxies in a hierarchical universe-II Clustering of Extremely Red Objects
• K-band Imaging of strong CaII-absorber host galaxies at z~1
• Reconstructing the galaxy density field with photometric redshifts: II. Environment-dependent galaxy evolution since $z\simeq 3$
• Clustering of galaxies at 3.6 microns in the Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic legacy survey
• Young Globular Clusters in an old S0: Clues to the Formation History of NGC 4570
• Medium-resolution spectroscopy of galaxies with redshifts 2.3 < z < 3.5
• The bimodality of the 10k zCOSMOS-bright galaxies up to z ~ 1: a new statistical and portable classification based on the optical galaxy properties
• Are z>2 Herschel galaxies proto-spheroids?
• The Munich Near-Infrared Cluster Survey (MUNICS) - IX. Galaxy Evolution to z ~ 2 From Optically Selected Catalogues
• A galaxy populations study of a radio-selected protocluster at z~3.1
• Vigorous star formation in a bulge-dominated ERO at z = 1.34
• Sky surveys and deep fields of ground-based and space telescopes
• Open Issues on the Synthesis of Evolved Stellar Populations at Ultraviolet Wavelengths
• The formation and evolution of field massive galaxies
• A Catalogue of Potential Adaptive Optics Survey Fields from the UKIRT Archive
• The Bright Ages Survey. I. Imaging Data
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). The complexity of galaxy populations at 0.4< z<1.3 revealed with unsupervised machine-learning algorithms
• The Rest-Frame UV Spectrum of Elliptical Galaxies at High Redshift
• The cosmic environment overtakes the local density in shaping galaxy star formation
• The role of HST in the study of near- and mid-infrared-selected galaxies