Quantitative Morphology of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field

Abstract

We measure quantitative structural parameters of galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) on the drizzled F814W images. Our structural parameters are based on a two-component surface brightness made up of a Sérsic profile and an exponential profile. We compare our results to the visual classification of van den Bergh et al. (1996) and the $C-A$ classification of Abraham et al. (1996a). Our morphological analysis of the galaxies in the HDF indicates that the spheroidal galaxies, defined here as galaxies with a dominant bulge profile, make up for only a small fraction, namely 8% of the galaxy population down to m${}_{F814W}(AB)$ = 26.0. We show that the larger fraction of early-type systems in the van den Bergh sample is primarily due to the difference in classification of 40% of small round galaxies with half-light radii < 0\arcsecpoint 31. Although these objects are visually classified as elliptical galaxies, we find that they are disk-dominated with bulge fractions < 0.5. Given the existing large dataset of HDF galaxies with measured spectroscopic redshifts, we are able to determine that the majority of distant galaxies ($z>2$) from this sample are disk-dominated. Our analysis reveals a subset of HDF galaxies which have profiles flatter than a pure exponential profile.

arXiv comment35 pages, LaTeX, 18 Postscript Figures, Tables available at http://astro.berkeley.edu/~marleau/. Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (18)

• New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution from Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields
• Simulations of X-ray Clusters
• The Hubble Deep Field: Observations, Data Reduction, and Galaxy Photometry
• A Recipe for Galaxy Formation Shaun Cole
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Population of Normal Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshifts z>3
• Galaxy morphology to I=25 mag in the Hubble Deep Field
• The CANADA-FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY VI: Evolution of the galaxy luminosity function to z ~ 1
• Spectroscopy of Lyman Break Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• Keck Spectroscopy of Redshift z~3 Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• Autofib Redshift Survey - I. Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function
• A Morphological Catalog of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshifts z>3
• THE CANADA-FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY IX: HST Imaging of High-Redshift Field Galaxies
• The Formation of Disk Galaxies in a Cosmological Context: Structure and Kinematics
• Redshift clustering in the Hubble Deep Field
• Detection of Strong Evolution in the Population of Early-Type Galaxies
• The CANADA-FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY XI: Morphology of high-redshift field galaxies from high-resolution ground-based imaging
• Keck Spectroscopy of Objects with Lens-like Morphologies in the Hubble Deep Field

Cited by in corpus (96)

• Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• The Nature of High-Redshift Galaxies
• A concise reference to (projected) Sersic R^{1/n} quantities, including Concentration, Profile Slopes, Petrosian indices, and Kron Magnitudes
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey II. Hubble Space Telescope Structural Parameters of Galaxies in the Groth Strip
• A New Approach to Galaxy Morphology: I. Analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release
• Size evolution of the most massive galaxies at 1.7<z<3 from GOODS NICMOS survey imaging
• Structural and Photometric Classification of Galaxies - I. Calibration Based on a Nearby Galaxy Sample
• The Team Keck Treasury Redshift Survey of the GOODS-North Field
• BUDDA: A New Two-Dimensional Bulge/Disk Decomposition Code for Detailed Structural Analysis of Galaxies
• The Assembly of Diversity in the Morphologies and Stellar Populations of High-Redshift Galaxies
• Image Decomposition of Barred Galaxies and AGN Hosts
• Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in Galaxy Clusters at z ~1 from the ACS Intermediate Redshift Cluster Survey
• Growth of Galactic Bulges by Mergers: I. Dense Satellites
• The K20 survey. III. Photometric and spectroscopic properties of the sample
• Superdense galaxies and the mass-size relation at low redshift
• Superdense Massive Galaxies in Wings Local Clusters
• The Evolution of Barred Spiral Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Fields North and South
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey X: Number Density and Luminosity Function of Field E/S0 Galaxies at z < 1
• The Morphological Diversities Among Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshifts in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)
• The Magnitude-Size Relation of Galaxies out to z ~ 1
• First catalog of strong lens candidates in the COSMOS field
• Are high-redshift DLA galxies Lyman-break galaxies?
• The Hubble Deep Fields
• Formation epochs, star formation histories and sizes of massive early-type galaxies in cluster and field environments at z=1.2: insights from the rest-frame UV
• The Tully-Fisher relation at intermediate redshift
• Galaxy morphology in the LambdaCDM cosmology
• The evolution of the number density of large disk galaxies in COSMOS
• Measuring the Diffuse Optical Light in Abell 1651
• The evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation of spiral galaxies
• Modelling the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. IV Correcting apparent disk scalelengths and central surface brightnesses for the effect of dust at optical and near-infrared wavelengths
• Precision simulation of ground-based lensing data using observations from space
• The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey III. Structural Parameters of Galaxies using single-Sérsic Fits
• The Galaxy Populations of X-Ray Detected, Poor Groups
• Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in High-Redshift Clusters: Blue Early-Type Galaxies and Red Pairs in RDCS J0910+5422
• Origin of Color Gradients in Elliptical Galaxies
• The Internal Ultraviolet-to-Optical Color Dispersion: Quantifying the Morphological K-Correction
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The local supermassive black hole mass function in early- and late-type galaxies
• The Morphological Evolution of Galaxies
• Explorations in Hubble Space: A Quantitative Tuning Fork
• Imaging of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the Near-UV
• Early-type galaxies at z = 1.3. I. The Lynx supercluster: cluster and groups at z=1.3. Morphology and color-magnitude relation
• Comparing dynamical and photometric-stellar masses of early-type galaxies at z ~ 1
• Breaking the Disk/Halo Degeneracy with Gravitational Lensing
• The Accuracy of Morphological Decomposition of Active Galactic Nucleus Host Galaxies
• Perturbations of spherical stellar systems during fly-by encounters
• Unveiling the Structure of Barred Galaxies at 3.6 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ with the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S${}^4$G): I. Disk Breaks
• The ESO-Sculptor Survey: Luminosity functions of galaxies per spectral type at redshifts 0.1-0.5
• Image Simulation with Shapelets
• A Correlation Between Galaxy Morphology and MgII Halo Absorption Strength
• The Relative Star Formation Histories of Spiral Bulges and Elliptical Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Fields
• Distinguishing Local and Global Influences on Galaxy Morphology: An HST Comparison of High and Low X-ray Luminosity Clusters
• Are There Blue, Massive E/S0s at z < 1 ?: Kinematics of Blue Spheroidal Galaxy Candidates
• A V-Band Survey for Variable Galactic Nuclei in the Hubble Deep Field
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey. I. The Sample
• HST/WFPC2 morphologies and bar structures of field galaxies at 0.4<z<1
• The DEEP Groth Strip Galaxy Redshift Survey. VIII. The Evolution of Luminous Field Bulges at Redshift z ~ 1
• On the evolution of environmental and mass properties of strong lens galaxies in COSMOS
• The Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) of Galaxies in Groups along the Cosmic Web. II. Galaxy Structural Measurements and the Concentration of Morphologically Classified Satellites in Diverse Environments
• The Disk and Extraplanar Environment of NGC 247
• Quantitative Morphology of the Intermediate-Redshift Galaxy Cluster Abell 2443 from Ground-Based Imaging -- Evidence for a galaxy concentration index correlation with cluster density
• The FALCON concept: multi-object adaptive optics and atmospheric tomography for integral field spectroscopy. Principles and performances on an 8 meter telescope
• The evolution of early-type galaxies in clusters from z~ 0.8 to z~ 0: the ellipticity distribution and the morphological mix
• Properties of Disks and Bulges of Spiral and Lenticular Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Compact, bulge dominated structures of spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies at z~3
• The Ubiquity of Supermassive Black Holes in the Hubble Sequence
• The Disk and Extraplanar Regions of NGC 2403
• CL 1358+62: Characterizing the Physical Properties of Cluster Galaxies at z=0.33
• Evolution in the Disks and Bulges of Group Galaxies since z=0.4
• Comparing the Evolution of the Galaxy Disk Sizes with CDM Models: The Hubble Deep Field
• Restrictions to the galaxy evolutionary models from the Hawaiian Deep Fields SSA13 and SSA22
• The Disk and Extraplanar Regions of NGC 55
• Color Gradients and Surface Brightness Profiles of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field-North
• The Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 B-Band Parallel Survey: A Study of Galaxy Morphology for 18 < B < 27 mag
• Wavelength and Redshift Dependence of Bulge/Total Light Ratios in Galaxies
• Active Nuclei and Star-Forming Objects at z>2: Metallicities, Winds, and Formation Histories
• Morphological and photometric evolution of ultra-luminous infrared galaxies: Nature of faint SCUBA sources
• Morphology and evolution of emission line galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Variable Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• Bulges of disk galaxies at intermediate redshifts.II. Nuclear, disk and global colours in the Groth Strip
• Lyman-break galaxies: high mass or low?
• The Opacity of Galactic Disks at z~0.7
• Keck Adaptive Optics Imaging of 0.5<z<1 Field Galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope Archive
• The Size Function of Galaxy Disks out to z ~ 1 from the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Legacy Survey
• Probing star formation and ISM properties using galaxy disk inclination III: Evolution in dust opacity and clumpiness between redshift 0.0 < z < 0.7 constrained from UV to NIR
• Morphological Number Counts and Redshift Distributions to I = 25 from the Hubble Deep Fields: Constraints on Cosmological Models from Early Type Galaxies
• A new fitting concept for the robust determination of Sérsic model parameters
• Small-scale systems of galaxies. IV. Searching for the faint galaxy population associated with X-ray detected isolated E+S pairs
• Catalog of Galaxy Morphology in Four Rich Clusters: Luminosity Evolution of Disk Galaxies at 0.33<z<0.83
• The space density of spiral galaxies as function of their scale size, surface brightness and luminosity
• Cross-Roads in Studies of Galaxy Evolution
• On the Origin of S0 Galaxies
• Dynamical virial masses of Lyman-break galaxy haloes at z=3
• CATS: Optical to Near-Infrared Colors of the Bulge and Disk of Two z=0.7 Galaxies Using HST and Keck Laser Adaptive Optics Imaging
• Non-parametric decompositions of disk galaxies in S${}^4$G using DiskFit
• The Bright Ages Survey. I. Imaging Data