The number density and mass density of star-forming and quiescent galaxies at 0.4 < z < 2.2

Abstract

We study the build-up of the bimodal galaxy population using the NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey, which provides excellent redshifts and well-sampled spectral energy distributions of ~27,000 galaxies with K<22.8 at 0.4 < z < 2.2. We first show that star-forming galaxies and quiescent galaxies can be robustly separated with a two-color criterion over this entire redshift range. We then study the evolution of the number density and mass density of quiescent and star-forming galaxies, extending the results of the COMBO-17, DEEP2, and other surveys to z=2.2. The mass density of quiescent galaxies with M > 3 10^11 solar masses increases by a factor of ~10 from z=2 to the present day, whereas the mass density in star-forming galaxies is flat or decreases over the same time period. Modest mass growth by a factor of 2 of individual quiescent galaxies can explain roughly half of the strong density evolution at M>10^11 solar masses, due to the steepness of the exponential tail of the mass function. The rest of the density evolution of massive, quiescent galaxies is likely due to transformation (e.g. quenching) of the massive star-forming population, a conclusion which is consistent with the density evolution we observe for the star-forming galaxies themselves, which is flat or decreasing with cosmic time. Modest mass growth does not explain the evolution of less massive quiescent galaxies (~10^10.5 solar masses), which show a similarly steep increase in their number densities. The less massive quiescent galaxies are therefore continuously formed by transforming galaxies from the star-forming population

Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. The release of EAZY v2.0 will accompany the publication of the manuscript in the journal

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• What is the nature of Little Red Dots and what is not, MIRI SMILES edition
• The Origin of Star Formation in Early-type Galaxies Inferred from Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
• The most massive, passive, and oldest galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.1: Downsizing signature from galaxies selected from MgUV index
• Bright Compact Bulges (BCBs) at intermediate redshifts
• ALMA 1.1mm Observations of a Conservative Sample of High Redshift Massive Quiescent Galaxies in SHELA
• Anomalously Narrow Linewidths of Compact Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2.3: A Possible Inclination Bias in the Size-Mass Plane
• Plausible association of distant late M dwarfs with low-frequency radio emission
• A mass threshold in the number density of passive galaxies at z$\sim$2
• Stellar populations of galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey up to $z\sim 1$. III. The stellar content of the quiescent galaxy population during the last $8$ Gyr
• The miniJPAS survey. Evolution of the luminosity and stellar mass functions of galaxies up to $z\sim 0.7$
• Hawaii Two-0: High-redshift galaxy clustering and bias
• Measuring Structural Parameters Through Stacking Galaxy Images
• A Galaxy-Halo Model for Multiple Cosmological Tracers
• Insights into environmental quenching at $z\sim 1$: an enhancement of faint, low-mass passive galaxies in clusters
• A${}^3$COSMOS: The dust content of massive quiescent galaxies and its evolution with cosmic time
• A census of quiescent galaxies across $0.5<z<8$ with JWST/MIRI: Mass-dependent number density evolution of quiescent galaxies in the early Universe
• Investigating the Dominant Environmental Quenching Process in UVCANDELS/COSMOS Groups
• Even redder than we knew: color and $A_{\mathrm{V}}$ evolution up to $z=2.5$ from JWST/NIRCam photometry
• JWST reveals extended stellar disks for ALMA-bright dusty star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster
• Improved SED-Fitting Assumptions Result in Inside-Out Quenching at $z\sim 0.5$ and Quenching at All Radii Simultaneously at $z\sim 1$
• Compact dust-obscured star-formation and the origin of the galaxy bimodality
• A stellar dynamical mass measurement of an inactive black hole at redshift 2
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• MIDIS: Unveiling the Star Formation History in massive galaxies at $1<z<4.5$ with spectro-photometric analysis
• The Physical Properties of Star-Forming Galaxies with Strong [O III] Lines at z=3.25
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Deconstructing the galaxy stellar mass function by star formation and environment
• Morphological Transformation and Star Formation Quenching of Massive Galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 in 3D-HST/CANDELS
• Lagrangian Perturbation Theory for Biased Tracers: Significance of the Number Conservation
• The multiwavelength structure of post-starburst galaxies at 0.5 < z < 3 with JWST PRIMER: compact morphologies and residual disturbances