The Differential Size Growth of Field and Cluster Galaxies at z=2.1 Using the ZFOURGE Survey

Abstract

There is ongoing debate regarding the extent that environment affects galaxy size growth beyond z>1. To investigate the differences in star-forming and quiescent galaxy properties as a function of environment at z=2.1, we create a mass-complete sample of 59 cluster galaxies Spitler et al. (2012) and 478 field galaxies with log(M)>9 using photometric redshifts from the ZFOURGE survey. We compare the mass-size relation of field and cluster galaxies using measured galaxy semi-major axis half-light radii ($r_{1/2,maj}$) from CANDELS HST/F160W imaging. We find consistent mass normalized (log(M)=10.7) sizes for quiescent field galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=1.81\pm 0.29$ kpc) and quiescent cluster galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=2.17\pm 0.63$ kpc). The mass normalized size of star-forming cluster galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=4.00\pm 0.26$ kpc ) is 12% larger (KS test $2.1\sigma$) than star-forming field galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=3.57\pm 0.10$ kpc). From the mass-color relation we find that quiescent field galaxies with 9.7<log(M)<10.4 are slightly redder (KS test $3.6\sigma$) than quiescent cluster galaxies, while cluster and field quiescent galaxies with log(M)>10.4 have consistent colors. We find that star-forming cluster galaxies are on average 20% redder than star-forming field galaxies at all masses. Furthermore, we stack galaxy images to measure average radial color profiles as a function of mass. Negative color gradients are only present for massive star-forming field and cluster galaxies with log(M)>10.4, the remaining galaxy masses and types have flat profiles. Our results suggest given the observed differences in size and color of star-forming field and cluster galaxies, that the environment has begun to influence/accelerate their evolution. However, the lack of differences between field and cluster quiescent galaxies indicates that the environment has not begun to significantly influence their evolution at z~2.

arXiv comment11 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ. Information on ZFOURGE can be found at http://zfourge.tamu.edu

References in corpus (57)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code
• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• From dwarf spheroidals to cDs: Simulating the galaxy population in a LCDM cosmology
• Evolution since z = 0.5 of the Morphology-Density relation for Clusters of Galaxies
• An ultra-deep near-infrared spectrum of a compact quiescent galaxy at z=2.2
• Minor mergers and the size evolution of elliptical galaxies
• Detection of quiescent galaxies in a bicolor sequence from z=0-2
• Passively Evolving Early-type Galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The Growth of Massive Galaxies Since z=2
• 3D-HST: A wide-field grism spectroscopic survey with the Hubble Space Telescope
• The Chandra Deep Field South: the 1 Million Second
• Structural Parameters of Galaxies in CANDELS
• Strong size evolution of the most massive galaxies since z~2
• COSMOS : Hubble Space Telescope Observations
• The NEWFIRM Medium-band Survey: Photometric Catalogs, Redshifts and the Bimodal Color Distribution of Galaxies out to z~3
• Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions from ZFOURGE/CANDELS: An Excess of Low-Mass Galaxies Since z=2 and the Rapid Buildup of Quiescent Galaxies
• Mergers and Bulge Formation in Lambda-CDM: Which Mergers Matter?
• The Morphology - Density Relation in z ~ 1 Clusters
• How do minor mergers promote inside-out growth of ellipticals, transforming the size, density profile and dark matter fraction?
• The evolving relations between size, mass, surface density, and star formation in 3x10^4 galaxies since z=2
• A simple model for the size-evolution of elliptical galaxies
• Signatures of Cool Gas Fueling a Star-Forming Galaxy at Redshift 2.3
• The dramatic size evolution of elliptical galaxies and the quasar feedback
• Galaxy growth in the concordance $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• A Large Population of Massive Compact Post-Starburst Galaxies at z>1: Implications for the Size Evolution and Quenching Mechanism of Quiescent Galaxies
• HST/WFC3 Confirmation of the Inside-Out Growth of Massive Galaxies at 0<z<2 and Identification of their Star Forming Progenitors at z~3
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Rich z=1.80 Galaxy Cluster JKCS 041 Using the WFC3 Grism: Environmental Trends in the Ages and Structure of Quiescent Galaxies
• The sizes, masses and specific star-formation rates of massive galaxies at 1.3<z<1.5: strong evidence in favour of evolution via minor mergers
• Sizes and surface brightness profiles of quiescent galaxies at z ~ 2
• The DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Impact of Environment on the Size Evolution of Massive Early-type Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift
• CANDELS Observations of the Structural Properties and Evolution of Galaxies in a Cluster at z=1.62
• ZFOURGE/CANDELS: On the Evolution of M* Galaxy Progenitors from z=3 to 0.5
• First Results from Z-FOURGE: Discovery of a Candidate Cluster at z = 2.2 in COSMOS
• Cosmic Evolution of Size and Velocity Dispersion for Early Type Galaxies
• The Dependence of the Mass Assembly History of Cold Dark Matter Halos on Environment
• The stellar mass structure of massive galaxies from z=0 to z=2.5; surface density profiles and half-mass radii
• H-alpha emitters in z~2 proto-clusters: evidence for faster evolution in dense environments
• WFC3 grism confirmation of the distant cluster Cl J1449+0856 at z=2.00: Quiescent and star-forming galaxy populations
• The Evolution of the Field and Cluster Morphology-Density Relation for Mass-Selected Samples of Galaxies
• Larger sizes of massive quiescent early-type galaxies in clusters than in the field at 0.8 < z < 1.5
• Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ~ 2
• Morphological evolution of galaxies from ultradeep HST WFC3 imaging: the Hubble sequence at z~2
• Environmental dependence of bulge-dominated galaxy sizes in hierarchical models of galaxy formation. Comparison with the local Universe
• A new method for classifying galaxy SEDs from multi-wavelength photometry
• KECK/MOSFIRE spectroscopic confirmation of a Virgo-like cluster ancestor at z=2.095
• CANDELS Observations of the Environmental Dependence of the Color-Mass-Morphology Relation at z = 1.6
• Early-type galaxies at z~1.3. IV. Scaling relations in different environments
• Discovery of Lyman Break Galaxies at z~7 from the ZFOURGE Survey
• The environmental dependence of the structure of outer galactic discs in STAGES spiral galaxies
• Optical Spectroscopy of Distant Red Galaxies
• The distribution of satellites around massive galaxies at 1<z<3 in ZFOURGE/CANDELS: dependence on star formation activity
• Color Gradients in Galaxies Out to z~3: Dependence on Galaxy Properties

Cited by in corpus (30)

• The FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE): ultraviolet to far-infrared catalogs, medium-bandwidth photometric redshifts with improved accuracy, stellar masses, and confirmation of quiescent galaxies to z~3.5
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: Emerging from the Dark, a Massive Proto-Cluster at z~4.57
• ZFIRE: A KECK/MOSFIRE Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxies in Rich Environments at z~2
• HST/WFC3 grism observations of $z\sim 1$ clusters: The cluster vs. field stellar mass-size relation and evidence for size growth of quiescent galaxies from minor mergers
• Large scale structure around a z=2.1 cluster
• X-shooter Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of 15 Ultra Massive Quiescent Galaxies at $z\gtrsim 2$
• Cluster and field elliptical galaxies at z~1.3. The marginal role of the environment and the relevance of the galaxy central regions
• A Detection of the Environmental Dependence of the Sizes and Stellar Haloes of Massive Central Galaxies
• Quiescent Galaxy Size and Spectroscopic Evolution: Combining HSC Imaging and Hectospec Spectroscopy
• VIS3COS: II. Nature and nurture in galaxy structure and morphology
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation at $z\sim 0.8$: Redshift Evolution and Parameter Dependency
• What boost galaxy mergers in two massive galaxy protoclusters at z = 2.24
• ZFIRE: The Kinematics of Star-Forming Galaxies as a Function of Environment at z~2
• ZFIRE: Similar Stellar Growth in H$\alpha$-emitting Cluster and Field Galaxies at z~2
• The galaxy mass-size relation in CARLA clusters and proto-clusters at 1.4 < z < 2.8: larger cluster galaxy sizes
• Differences in the structural properties and star-formation rates of field and cluster galaxies at z~1
• The cosmic epoch dependence of environmental effects on size evolution of red-sequence early-type galaxies
• Environmental impacts on the rest-frame UV size and morphology ofstar-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Denser Environments Cultivate Larger Galaxies: A Comprehensive Study beyond the Local Universe with 3 Million Hyper Suprime-Cam Galaxies
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) -- Environment-size relation of massive passive galaxies at 0.5 < z < 0.8
• The Fundamental Plane of cluster spheroidal galaxies at z$\sim 1.3$. Evidence for mass-dependent evolution
• A machine learning approach to infer the accreted stellar mass fractions of central galaxies in the TNG100 simulation
• A Tale of Two Clusters: An Analysis of Gas-Phase Metallicity and Nebular Gas Conditions in Proto-cluster Galaxies at z~2
• An HSC view of the CMASS galaxy sample. Halo mass as a function of stellar mass, size and Sérsic index
• Stellar Mass Profiles of Quiescent Galaxies in Different Environments at $z\sim 0$
• The physical properties of massive green valley galaxies as a function of environments at $0.5<z<2.5$ in 3D-\textit{HST}/CANDELS fields
• HELP: star formation as function of galaxy environmentwith Herschel
• Colour gradients in cluster ellipticals at z~1.4: the hidden content of the galaxy central regions
• SG1120-1202: Mass-Quenching as Tracked by UV Emission in the Group Environment at z=0.37
• Late growth of early-type galaxies in low-z massive clusters