ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at $z\sim 3$. II. A dynamically cold and massive disk galaxy in the proximity of a hyperluminous quasar

Abstract

Advancing our understanding of the formation and evolution of early massive galaxies and black holes requires detailed studies of dense structures in the high-redshift Universe. In this work, we present high-angular resolution ($\simeq 0.3^{\prime \prime }$) ALMA observations targeting the CO(4--3) line and the underlying 3-mm dust continuum toward the Cosmic Web node MQN01, a region identified through deep multiwavelength surveys as one of the densest concentrations of galaxies and AGN at cosmic noon. At the center of this structure, we identify a massive, rotationally supported disk galaxy located approximately at $\sim 10\mathrm{kpc}$ projected-distance and $\sim -300\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ from a hyperluminous quasar at $z=3.2510$. By accurately modeling the cold gas kinematics, we determine a galaxy dynamical mass of $2.5\times 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$ within the inner $\simeq 4\mathrm{kpc}$, and a high degree of rotational support of $V_{\mathrm{rot}}/\sigma \approx 11$. This makes it the first quasar companion galaxy confirmed as a massive, dynamically cold rotating disk at such an early cosmic epoch. Despite the small projected separation from the quasar host, we find no clear evidence of strong tidal interactions affecting the galaxy disk. This might suggest that the quasar is a satellite galaxy in the early stages of a merger. Furthermore, our spectroscopic analysis reveals a broad, blueshifted component in the CO(4--3) line profile of the quasar host, which may trace a powerful molecular outflow or kinematic disturbances induced by its interaction with the massive companion galaxy. Our findings show that rotationally supported cold disks are able to survive even in high-density environments of the early Universe.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A. 16 pages, 10 figures, 2 appendices

References in corpus (133)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor
• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• An atomic and molecular database for analysis of submillimetre line observations
• Galaxies on FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments): Stellar Feedback Explains Cosmologically Inefficient Star Formation
• Spectral Energy Distributions and Multiwavelength Selection of Type 1 Quasars
• A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population
• The SAURON project - IV. The mass-to-light ratio, the virial mass estimator and the fundamental plane of elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• Cool Gas in High Redshift Galaxies
• Formation of Massive Galaxies at High Redshift: Cold Streams, Clumpy Disks and Compact Spheroids
• High molecular gas fractions in normal massive star forming galaxies in the young Universe
• Massive Molecular Outflows and Evidence for AGN Feedback from CO Observations
• The Molecular Interstellar Medium in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Calibrating Extinction-Free Star Formation Rate Diagnostics with 33GHz Free-Free Emission in NGC6946
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• Outflows in Infrared-Luminous Starbursts at z < 0.5. II. Analysis and Discussion
• What Drives the Growth of Black Holes?
• The SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey I: First Measurements of the Submillimetre Luminosity and Dust Mass Functions
• The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning
• On the effect of the Cosmic Microwave Background in high-redshift (sub-)millimeter observations
• Fast Molecular Outflows in Luminous Galaxy Mergers: Evidence for Quasar Feedback from Herschel
• Star Formation and Gas Kinematics of Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6: New insights from ALMA
• Far-infrared Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting for Galaxies Near and Far
• 350 Micron Dust Emission from High Redshift Quasars
• The Main Sequence of star-forming galaxies across cosmic times
• SHARC-2 350 Micron Observations of Distant Submillimeter Selected Galaxies
• Resolved Molecular Gas in a Quasar Host Galaxy at Redshift z=6.42
• An ALMA [CII] survey of 27 quasars at z>5.94
• Ubiquitous giant Ly $\alpha$ nebulae around the brightest quasars at $z\sim 3.5$ revealed with MUSE
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: Physical properties of 707 Sub-millimetre Galaxies
• Evidence for Quasar Activity Triggered by Galaxy Mergers in HST Observations of Dust-reddened Quasars
• Black Holes on FIRE: Stellar Feedback Limits Early Feeding of Galactic Nuclei
• Ionised outflows in z $\sim$ 2.4 quasar host galaxies
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties
• Evolution of the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift 7.5
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: SINFONI adaptive optics-assisted data and kiloparsec-scale emission line properties
• Discovery of extreme [OIII]5007A outflows in high-redshift red quasars
• Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6
• Evidence for a clumpy, rotating gas disk in a submillimeter galaxy at z=4
• The WISSH Quasars Project I. Powerful ionised outflows in hyper-luminous quasars
• The effect of violent star formation on the state of the molecular gas in M82
• Evidence for strong dynamical evolution in disk galaxies through the last 11 Gyr. GHASP VIII: A local reference sample of rotating disk galaxies for high redshift studies
• A dynamically cold disk galaxy in the early Universe
• The Art of Measuring Physical Parameters in Galaxies: A Critical Assessment of Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting Techniques
• The physics and the structure of the quasar-driven outflow in Mrk 231
• Dynamical properties of z $\sim 4.5$ dusty star-forming galaxies and their connection with local early type galaxies
• ALMA reveals potential evidence for spiral arms, bars, and rings in high-redshift submillimeter galaxies
• High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies: Angular Momentum and Baryon Fraction, Turbulent Pressure Effects and the Origin of Turbulence
• The KMOS^3D Survey: data release and final survey paper
• Evidence for CO shock excitation in NGC 6240 from Herschel SPIRE spectroscopy
• Star formation rate and dynamical mass of 10^8 solar mass black hole host galaxies at redshift 6
• EIGER I. a large sample of [OIII]-emitting galaxies at $5.3<z<6.9$ and direct evidence for local reionization by galaxies
• A Cold, Massive, Rotating Disk Galaxy 1.5 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• GalPak3D: A Bayesian parametric tool for extracting morpho-kinematics of galaxies from 3D data
• Normal, Dust-Obscured Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• ALMA Observations Show Major Mergers Among the Host Galaxies of Fast-growing, High-redshift Supermassive Black Holes
• A massive stellar bulge in a regularly rotating galaxy 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang
• Detection of stellar light from quasar host galaxies at redshifts above 6
• The Kinematics of z ~ 6 Quasar Host Galaxies
• Quasar Feedback in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy F11119+3257: Connecting the Accretion Disk Wind with the Large-Scale Molecular Outflow
• The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) I: dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z $\simeq$ 3.5
• Widespread QSO-driven outflows in the early Universe
• Imaging Atomic and Highly Excited Molecular Gas in a z=6.42 Quasar Host Galaxy: Copious Fuel for an Eddington-Limited Starburst at the End of Cosmic Reionization
• On the Masses of Galaxies in the Local Universe
• Kinematics of $z\ge 6$ galaxies from [CII] line emission
• Molecular outflow and feedback in the obscured Quasar XID2028 revealed by ALMA
• A gravitationally unstable gas disk of a starburst galaxy 12 billion years ago
• The gentle monster PDS 456: the kpc scale molecular outflow and its implications for QSO feedback
• The ALMA view of the high-redshift relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
• Dynamics of Starbursting Dwarf Galaxies: I Zw 18
• 400 pc Imaging of a Massive Quasar Host Galaxy at a Redshift of 6.6
• Fast rotating and low-turbulence discs at $z\simeq 4.5$: Dynamical evidence of their evolution into local early-type galaxies
• The WISSH quasars Project: II. Giant star nurseries in hyper-luminous quasars
• The Molecular and Ionized Gas Phases of an AGN-driven Outflow in a Typical Massive Galaxy at z=2
• Growing black holes and galaxies: black hole accretion versus star formation rate
• The WISSH QSOs project IX. Cold gas content and environment of luminous QSOs at z~2.4-4.7
• The CO Tully-Fisher Relation and Implications for the Host Galaxies of High-Redshift Quasars
• Regular rotation and low turbulence in a diverse sample of z ~ 4.5 galaxies observed with ALMA
• Resolved [CII] Emission from z>6 Quasar Host -- Companion Galaxy Pairs
• The ALMA Interferometric Pipeline Heuristics
• Evidence for supernova feedback sustaining gas turbulence in nearby star-forming galaxies
• Luminous Quasars Do Not Live in the Most Overdense Regions of Galaxies at z~4
• HALOGAS: the properties of extraplanar HI in disc galaxies
• On the discovery of fast molecular gas in the UFO/BAL quasar APM 08279+5255 at z=3.912
• Dynamics of Starbursting Dwarf Galaxies. II. UGC 4483
• Systematic difference between ionized and molecular gas velocity dispersion in $z\sim 1-2$ disks and local analogues
• The MASSIVE Survey - III. Molecular gas and a broken Tully-Fisher relation in the most massive early-type galaxies
• Star Formation in Luminous Quasars at 2<z<3
• Complete infrared spectral energy distributions of mm detected quasars at z>5
• An ALMA multi-line survey of the ISM in two quasar host-companion galaxy pairs at $z>6$
• The ALMA-ALPAKA survey I: high-resolution CO and [CI] kinematics of star-forming galaxies at z = 0.5-3.5
• ALMA and HST kiloparsec-scale imaging of a quasar-galaxy merger at $z\approx 6.2$
• Dynamically cold disks in the early Universe: myth or reality?
• Opening the era of quasar host studies at high redshift with JWST
• Molecular gas in z~6 quasar host galaxies
• Extreme star formation events in quasar hosts over $0.5<\text{z}<4$
• Clumpy and Extended Starbursts in the Brightest Unlensed Submillimeter Galaxies
• Impact of X-rays on CO emission from high-z galaxies
• AGN feedback in a galaxy merger: Multi-phase, galaxy-scale outflows including a fast molecular gas blob ~6 kpc away from IRAS F08572+3915
• The Mass Scale of High-Redshift Galaxies: Virial Mass Estimates Calibrated with Stellar Dynamical Models from LEGA-C
• Cold gas disks in main-sequence galaxies at cosmic noon: Low turbulence, flat rotation curves, and disk-halo degeneracy
• Strong Clustering of Lyman Break Galaxies around Luminous Quasars at z~4
• The hidden side of cosmic star formation at z > 3: Bridging optically-dark and Lyman break galaxies with GOODS-ALMA
• A sensitive APEX and ALMA CO(1-0), CO(2-1), CO(3-2), and [CI](1-0) spectral survey of 40 local (U)LIRGs
• Disk, merger, or outflow ? Molecular gas kinematics in two powerful obscured QSOs at z>3.4
• The ALMA-ALPAKA survey II. Evolution of turbulence in galaxy disks across cosmic time: difference between cold and warm gas
• The WISSH quasars project V. ALMA reveals the assembly of a giant galaxy around a z=4.4 hyper-luminous QSO
• The impact of the gas distribution on the determination of dynamical masses of galaxies using unresolved observations
• A cosmic stream of atomic carbon gas connected to a massive radio galaxy at redshift 3.8
• Detection of companion galaxies around hot dust-obscured hyper-luminous galaxy W0410-0913
• Multi-phase black-hole feedback and a bright [CII] halo in a Lo-BAL quasar at $z\sim 6.6$
• Obscured star-formation and environment in the COSMOS field
• Observing the host galaxies of high-redshift quasars with JWST: predictions from the BlueTides simulation
• Star-formation rate and stellar mass calibrations based on infrared photometry and their dependence on stellar population age and extinction
• HYPERION. Coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies at $z>6$ and the build-up of massive galaxies
• High-redshift quasars along the Main Sequence
• SMM J04135+10277: A distant QSO-starburst system caught by ALMA
• Resolving Disks & Mergers in $z\sim 2$ Heavily Reddened Quasars and their Companion Galaxies with ALMA
• Rotating Disks and Non-Kinematic Double Peaks
• Kinematics and Mass Distributions for Non-Spherical Deprojected Sérsic Density Profiles and Applications to Multi-Component Galactic Systems
• Dynamical modelling and origin of gas turbulence in z $\sim$ 4.5 galaxies
• A Giant Disk Galaxy Two Billion Years After The Big Bang
• Kinematic analysis of $\mathbf{z}=4.3$ galaxies in the SPT2349$-$56 protocluster core
• JCMT/SCUBA-2 uncovers an excess of $850\mu$m counts on megaparsec scales around high-redshift quasars. Characterization of the overdensities and their alignment with the quasars' Ly$\alpha$ nebulae
• Connecting the growth of galaxies to the large-scale environment in a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z~3

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Resolving circumgalactic gas flows around a z$\approx$3.6 quasar using MUSE and ALMA