Black hole mass of a quiescent galaxy hosting a Type 1 AGN at z=2.09: Implications for black hole - galaxy co-evolution and AGN quenching at high redshift

Abstract

We report a characterization of an X-ray-detected quiescent galaxy at $z=2.09$, named COS-XQG1, using JWST/NIRCam and NIRSpec data. This galaxy is detected in Chandra imaging, suggesting the presence of an AGN with a high black hole accretion rate of ${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}=0.22\pm 0.03{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$. Using multi-wavelength photometry from X-ray to sub-millimeter, including the latest JWST imaging, we confirm that COS-XQG1 is massive ($M_{\star }=(1.6\pm 0.2)\times 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$) and quiescent ($\mathrm{sSFR}<10^{-10}\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$) as reported previously, even considering the contribution from AGN emission. Noticeably, COS-XQG1 displays a broad H$\beta$ and H$\alpha$ emission component with a full width at half maximum of $4365_{-81}^{+81}\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ in its NIRSpec spectrum, which is typical of Type 1 AGNs. The line width and luminosity of the broad H$\alpha$ emission give a black hole mass of $\log (M_{\mathrm{BH}}/M_{\odot })=8.43\pm 0.02(\pm 0.5)$. With a stellar velocity dispersion measurement (${\sigma }_{\star }=238\pm 32\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$), we find that this galaxy is consistent with the local relations in the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\sigma }_{\star }$ and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\star }$ planes, which might suggest that massive quiescent galaxies at $z\ge 2$ have already been mature in terms of both stellar and black hole masses and will not evolve significantly. In addition, image 2D-decomposition analysis finds that this galaxy comprises disk and point source components. The latter is likely the composition of an AGN and a stellar bulge. Based on a comparison with numerical simulations, we expect that COS-XQG1 will evolve into a typical quiescent galaxy with lower AGN activity by redshift 0. This study shows the usefulness of X-ray-detected quiescent galaxies in investigating the co-evolution between SMBHs and galaxies in the early Universe.

15 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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