Inward and outward migration of massive planets: moving towards a stalling radius

Abstract

Recent studies on the planet-dominated regime of Type II migration showed that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, massive planets can migrate outwards. Using `fixed-planet' simulations these studies found a correlation between the sign of the torques acting on the planet and the parameter $K^{\prime }$ (which describes the depth of the gap carved by the planet in the disc). We perform `live-planet' simulations exploring a range of $K^{\prime }$ and disc mass values to test and extend these results. The excitation of planet eccentricity in live-planet simulations breaks the direct dependence of migration rate (rate of change of semi-major axis) on the torques imposed, an effect that `fixed-planet' simulations cannot treat. By disentangling the contribution to the torque due to the semi-major axis evolution from that due to the eccentricity evolution, we recover the relation between the magnitude and sign of migration and $K^{\prime }$ and argue that this relation may be better expressed in terms of the related gap depth parameter $K$. We present a toy model in which the sign of planetary migration changes at a limiting value of $K$, through which we explore planets' migration in viscously evolving discs. The existence of the torque reversal shapes the planetary system's architecture by accumulating planets either at the stalling radius or in a band around it (defined by the interplay between the planet migration and the disc evolution). In either case, planets pile up in the area $1-10$ au, disfavouring hot Jupiter formation through Type II migration in the planet-dominated regime.

arXiv comment16 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (55)

• Towards a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation I: a Desert in the Mass and Semi Major Axis Distributions of Extra Solar Planets
• Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
• On the width and shape of gaps in protoplanetary disks
• Extrasolar planet population synthesis I: Method, formation tracks and mass-distance distribution
• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
• A comparative study of disc-planet interaction
• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation V. Accumulation Near the Ice Line
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects: IV -- Accretion in low-mass stars and sub-stellar objects in Lupus
• Eccentricity Evolution for Planets in Gaseous Disks
• The evolution of a supermassive binary caused by an accretion disc
• Gas Flow Across Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks
• FARGO3D: A new GPU-oriented MHD code
• Hints for a Turnover at the Snow Line in the Giant Planet Occurrence Rate
• Disk eccentricity and embedded planets
• Radial migration of gap-opening planets in protoplanetary disks. I. The case of a single planet
• How Empty are Disk Gaps Opened by Giant Planets?
• Planet formation and migration
• Evidence for a correlation between mass accretion rates onto young stars and the mass of their protoplanetary disks
• Cavity opening by a giant planet in a protoplanetary disc and effects on planetary migration
• Satellites in Discs: Regulating the Accretion Luminosity
• Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration: Growth of gas giants
• The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets is not Locked to Viscous Disk Evolution
• Migration of massive planets in accreting disks
• Rapid inward migration of planets formed by gravitational instability
• Stellar irradiated discs and implications on migration of embedded planets I: equilibrium discs
• Migration of extrasolar planets to large orbital radii
• Formation of a disc gap induced by a planet: Effect of the deviation from Keplerian disc rotation
• Mass constraint for a planet in a protoplanetary disk from the gap width
• Hot H2O Emission and Evidence for Turbulence in the Disk of a Young Star
• A Candidate Young Massive Planet in Orbit around the Classical T Tauri Star CI Tau
• Gap Opening in 3D: Single Planet Gaps
• Eccentric Jupiters via Disk-Planet Interactions
• On the gap-opening criterion of migrating planets in protoplanetary disks
• Planet-Disc Interactions and Early Evolution of Planetary Systems
• The dependence of protoplanet migration rates on coorbital torques
• Planetary Populations in the Mass-Period Diagram: A Statistical Treatment of Exoplanet Formation and the Role of Planet Traps
• Eccentricity evolution during planet-disc interaction
• Circumbinary discs: Numerical and physical behaviour
• Growth of eccentric modes in disc-planet interactions
• Toward a new paradigm for Type II migration
• Slowing Down Type II Migration of Gas Giants to Match Observational Data
• The magnetic field and accretion regime of CI Tau
• Planet Traps and Planetary Cores: Origins of the Planet-Metallicity Correlation
• Secular evolution of eccentricity in protoplanetary discs with gap-opening planets
• Migration of Jupiter mass planets in low viscosity discs
• Pileups and Migration Rates for Planets in Low Mass Disks
• Planet-Disk Interactions
• Outward Migration of Super-Jupiters
• The origin of the eccentricity of the hot Jupiter in CI Tau
• Planet Migration in Self-Gravitating Discs: Survival of Planets
• The diverse lives of massive protoplanets in self-gravitating discs
• Planet gap opening across stellar masses
• A Simplified Model for the Secular Dynamics of Eccentric Discs and Applications to Planet-Disc Interactions
• Type II migration strikes back -- An old paradigm for planet migration in discs
• Investigating the possibility of reversing giant planet migration via gap edge illumination

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Probing the eccentricity in protostellar discs -- Modeling kinematics and morphologies
• Synchronizing the EMRIs and IMRIs in AGN accretion disks
• A new 2D stochastic methodology for simulating variable accretion discs: propagating fluctuations and epicyclic motion
• DBNets2.0: simulation-based inference for planet-induced dust substructures in protoplanetary discs
• Multi-frequency analysis of the ALMA and VLA high resolution continuum observations of the substructured disc around CI Tau. Preference for sub-mm-sized low-porosity amorphous carbon grains
• The likelihood of not detecting cavity-carving companions in transition discs -- A statistical approach
• New migration patterns in high planet-star mass ratio systems in disks with low viscosity
• exoALMA XXIII. Estimating Disk and Planet Properties from Dust Morphologies with DBNets2.0
• Modelling shadows in scattered light observations as signals from companions in protoplanetary discs