Dynamics and spin alignment in massive, gravito-turbulent circumbinary discs around supermassive black hole binaries

Abstract

Parsec-scale separation supermassive black hole binaries in the centre of gas-rich galaxy merger remnants could be surrounded by massive circumbinary discs (CBDs). Black hole mass and spin evolution during the gas-rich binary inspiral are crucial in determining the direction and power of relativistic jets that radio observations with LOFAR and SKAO will probe, and for predicting gravitational wave (GW) emission that IPTA and LISA will measure. We present 3D hydrodynamic simulations capturing gas-rich, self-gravitating CBDs around a $2\times 10^6$ M${}_{\odot }$ supermassive black hole binary, that probe different mass ratios, eccentricities and inclinations. We employ a sub-grid Shakura-Sunyaev accretion disc to self-consistently model black hole mass and spin evolution together with super-Lagrangian refinement techniques to resolve gas flows, streams and mini-discs within the cavity, which play a fundamental role in torquing and feeding the binary. We find that higher mass ratio and eccentric binaries result in larger cavities, while retrograde binaries result in smaller cavities. All of the simulated binaries are expected to shrink with net gravitational torques being negative. Unlike previous simulations, we do not find preferential accretion onto the secondary black hole. This implies smaller chirp masses at coalescence and hence a weaker GW background. Critically this means that spin-alignment is faster than the binary inspiral timescale even for low mass ratios. When considering initially misaligned systems, the orientation of the mini-discs around each black hole can vary significantly. We discuss the implications of this behaviour for black hole spin alignment and highlight the need for broader parameter space studies of misaligned systems to understand the impact on black hole recoil velocities.

30 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (191)

• Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
• E pur si muove: Galiliean-invariant cosmological hydrodynamical simulations on a moving mesh
• A Unified, Merger-Driven Model for the Origin of Starbursts, Quasars, the Cosmic X-Ray Background, Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxy Spheroids
• Gasdynamics and Starbursts in Major Mergers
• On the Black Hole Mass - Bulge Mass Relation
• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-Wave Background
• The M-sigma and M-L Relations in Galactic Bulges and Determinations of their Intrinsic Scatter
• Hot Accretion Flows Around Black Holes
• Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties
• Efficient Generation of Jets from Magnetically Arrested Accretion on a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole
• Search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
• The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array III. Search for gravitational wave signals
• Nonlinear Outcome of Gravitational Instability in Cooling, Gaseous Disks
• Radiation Pressure Supported Starburst Disks and AGN Fueling
• Formation of Galactic Nuclei
• The Merger Rates and Mass Assembly Histories of Dark Matter Haloes in the Two Millennium Simulations
• Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Active Massive Black Holes
• The dynamical evolution of massive black hole binaries - I. Hardening in a fixed stellar background
• The effect of galaxy mass ratio on merger--driven starbursts
• Maximum gravitational recoil
• The Evolution of Galaxy Structure over Cosmic Time
• The International Pulsar Timing Array: First Data Release
• A Compact Supermassive Binary Black Hole System
• Simulating cosmic structure formation with the GADGET-4 code
• Accretion during the merger of supermassive black holes
• Massive black hole binary mergers within sub-pc scale gas discs
• An Eccentric Circumbinary Accretion Disk and the Detection of Binary Massive Black Holes
• Formation of gas disks in merging galaxies
• Formation of Precessing Jets by Tilted Black-hole Discs in 3D General Relativistic MHD Simulations
• Supermassive recoil velocities for binary black-hole mergers with antialigned spins
• Binary Black Hole Accretion From a Circumbinary Disk: Gas Dynamics Inside the Central Cavity
• Kinematic Structure of Merger Remnants
• Improving the convergence properties of the moving-mesh code AREPO
• A Fundamental Relation Between Compact Stellar Nuclei, Supermassive Black Holes, and Their Host Galaxies
• The locality of transport in self-gravitating accretion discs
• The distribution and cosmic evolution of massive black hole spins
• Investigating fragmentation conditions in self-gravitating accretion discs
• Rapid Formation of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxy Mergers with Gas
• A systematic search for close supermassive black hole binaries in the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
• Low-frequency gravitational radiation from coalescing massive black hole binaries in hierarchical cosmologies
• The abundance and clustering of dark haloes in the standard Lambda CDM cosmogony
• Alignment of the spins of supermassive black holes prior to coalescence
• Long Term Evolution of Massive Black Hole Binaries
• Efficient Merger of Binary Supermassive Black Holes in Non-Axisymmetric Galaxies
• The Evolution of Black Hole Mass and Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Aligning spinning black holes and accretion discs
• Star Formation in Galaxy Mergers with Realistic Models of Stellar Feedback & the Interstellar Medium
• B-Mode contamination by synchrotron emission from 3-years WMAP data
• Three Dimensional MHD Simulation of Circumbinary Accretion Disks: Disk Structures and Angular Momentum Transport
• Gravitational waves from resolvable massive black hole binary systems and observations with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Accretion into the Central Cavity of a Circumbinary Disk
• Supermassive black hole binaries in gaseous and stellar circumnuclear discs: orbital dynamics and gas accretion
• The evolution of a supermassive binary caused by an accretion disc
• The Quest for Dual and Binary Supermassive Black Holes: A Multi-Messenger View
• Direct Formation of Supermassive Black Holes via Multi-Scale Gas Inflows in Galaxy Mergers
• The Nearly Universal Merger Rate of Dark Matter Haloes in Lambda-CDM Cosmology
• Equal- and unequal-mass mergers of disk and elliptical galaxies with black holes
• Hydrodynamics of circumbinary accretion: Angular momentum transfer and binary orbital evolution
• Galaxy growth in the concordance $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• A New Sample of (Wandering) Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies from High Resolution Radio Observations
• Testing the locality of transport in self-gravitating accretion discs - II. The massive disc case
• Interaction of massive black hole binaries with their stellar environment: I. Ejection of hypervelocity stars
• The non-linear fluid dynamics of a warped accretion disc
• Limiting eccentricity of sub-parsec massive black hole binaries surrounded by self-gravitating gas discs
• Growth and activity of black holes in galaxy mergers with varying mass ratios
• Hangup Kicks: Still Larger Recoils by Partial Spin/Orbit Alignment of Black-Hole Binaries
• Eccentricity of supermassive black hole binaries coalescing from gas rich mergers
• Viscous Hydrodynamics Simulations of Circumbinary Accretion Discs: Variability, Quasi-Steady State, and Angular Momentum Transfer
• Tearing up the disc: misaligned accretion on to a binary
• LISA observations of rapidly spinning massive black hole binary systems
• Cavity opening by a giant planet in a protoplanetary disc and effects on planetary migration
• Black hole mergers: can gas discs solve the `final parsec' problem?
• Planet migration and gap formation by tidally-induced shocks
• Linking the spin evolution of massive black holes to galaxy kinematics
• Binary Black Hole Mergers from Planet-like Migrations
• Dynamics of triple black hole systems in hierarchically merging massive galaxies
• Fuelling Active Galactic Nuclei
• Massive binary black holes in galactic nuclei and their path to coalescence
• The Gravitational Wave Background from Massive Black Hole Binaries in Illustris: spectral features and time to detection with pulsar timing arrays
• Evolution of binary black holes in self gravitating discs: dissecting the torques
• Black-Hole Spin and Galactic Morphology
• A Practical Theorem on Gravitational Wave Backgrounds
• Dual black holes in merger remnants. II: spin evolution and gravitational recoil
• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Tearing up the disc: how black holes accrete
• Hydrodynamic Torques in Circumbinary Accretion Disks
• Gravitational Waves from Supermassive Black Hole Coalescence in a Hierarchical Galaxy Formation Model
• On the orbital evolution of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary accretion discs
• The interaction of a giant planet with a disc with MHD turbulence II: The interaction of the planet with the disc
• Circumbinary Accretion from Finite and Infinite Disks
• Gas-driven inspiral of binaries in thin accretion disks
• Surface density profiles of collisionless disc merger remnants
• On the orientation and magnitude of the black hole spin in galactic nuclei
• Dissipationless Mergers of Elliptical Galaxies and the Evolution of the Fundamental Plane
• Retrograde Accretion and Merging Supermassive Black Holes
• Orbital Evolution of Equal-mass Eccentric Binaries due to a Gas Disk: Eccentric Inspirals and Circular Outspirals
• The halo merger rate in the Millennium Simulation and implications for observed galaxy merger fractions
• A population of intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf starburst galaxies up to redshift=1.5
• Observational Evidence for the Co-evolution of Galaxy Mergers, Quasars, and the Blue/Red Galaxy Transition
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Early-Type Galaxies: $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,sph}$ and $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,gal}$
• Misaligned gas discs around eccentric black-hole binaries and implications for the final-parsec problem
• AGN jet feedback on a moving mesh: cocoon inflation, gas flows and turbulence
• Effects of gravitational-wave recoil on the dynamics and growth of supermassive black holes
• Equilibrium eccentricity of accreting binaries
• Pulsed Accretion onto Eccentric and Circular Binaries
• Mergers Do Trigger AGNs out to z $\sim$ 0.6
• Mass and spin coevolution during the alignment of a black hole in a warped accretion disc
• X-ray Detected AGN in SDSS Dwarf Galaxies
• Constraining the Orbit of Supermassive Black Hole Binary 0402+379
• Massive Black Hole binaries in gas-rich galaxy mergers; multiple regimes of orbital decay and interplay with gas inflows
• A candidate sub-parsec binary black hole in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7674
• Orbital Evolution of Binaries in Circumbinary Disks
• Swift coalescence of supermassive black holes in cosmological mergers of massive galaxies
• Dual black holes in merger remnants. I: linking accretion to dynamics
• Post-Newtonian evolution of massive black hole triplets in galactic nuclei -- II. Survey of the parameter space
• Suppression of the accretion rate in thin discs around binary black holes
• Nonlinear Gravitational Recoil from the Mergers of Precessing Black-Hole Binaries
• Post-Newtonian dynamical modeling of supermassive black holes in galactic-scale simulations
• Shocks and angular momentum flips: a different path to feeding the nuclear regions of merging galaxies
• Dynamics of warped accretion discs
• Alignment of supermassive black hole binary orbits and spins
• Spin evolution and feedback of supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations
• Alignment and Precession of a Black Hole with a Warped Accretion Disc
• Gas Accretion from a Circumbinary Disk
• Galactic nuclei evolution with spinning black holes: method and implementation
• The final parsec problem: aligning a binary with an external accretion disc
• AGN in dwarf galaxies: frequency, triggering processes and the plausibility of AGN feedback
• How frequent are close supermassive binary black holes in powerful jet sources?
• Varstrometry for Off-nucleus and Dual sub-Kpc AGN (VODKA): Hubble Space Telescope Discovers Double Quasars
• The Argo Simulation: II. The Early Build-up of the Hubble Sequence
• A Survey of Disc Thickness and Viscosity in Circumbinary Accretion: Binary Evolution, Variability, and Disc Morphology
• Black hole kicks as new gravitational wave observables
• Blandford-Znajek jets in galaxy formation simulations: method and implementation
• Preferential Accretion and Circumbinary Disk Precession in Eccentric Binary Systems
• Structure and evolution of circumbinary disks around supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries
• Spin alignment and differential accretion in merging black hole binaries
• Black hole evolution: II. Spinning black holes in a supernova-driven turbulent interstellar medium
• Dense gas formation and destruction in a simulated Perseus-like galaxy cluster with spin-driven black hole feedback
• Candidate Periodically Variable Quasars from the Dark Energy Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Migration of massive black hole binaries in self--gravitating accretion discs: Retrograde versus prograde
• EMERGE: Empirical predictions of galaxy merger rates since $z\sim 6$
• Spin-driven jet feedback in idealised simulations of galaxy groups and clusters
• Kinetic or thermal AGN feedback in simulations of isolated and merging disk galaxies calibrated by the M-sigma relation
• Measuring parameters of massive black hole binaries with partially aligned spins
• Resolving massive black hole binaries evolution via adaptive particle-splitting
• Gravitational recoil: effects on massive black hole occupation fraction over cosmic time
• Resolving flows around black holes: numerical technique and applications
• Galaxy interactions are the dominant trigger for local type 2 quasars
• Recent developments in planet migration theory
• Missing black holes in brightest cluster galaxies as evidence for the occurrence of superkicks in nature
• Resonances in retrograde circumbinary discs
• Gravitational Waveforms for Precessing, Quasi-circular Binaries via Multiple Scale Analysis and Uniform Asymptotics: The Near Spin Alignment Case
• Infalling clouds on to supermassive black hole binaries - II. Binary evolution and the final parsec problem
• Parameter estimation for coalescing massive binary black holes with LISA using the full 2-post-Newtonian gravitational waveform and spin-orbit precession
• Blandford-Znajek jets in galaxy formation simulations: exploring the diversity of outflows produced by spin-driven AGN jets in Seyfert galaxies
• The effect of differential accretion on the Gravitational Wave Background and the present day MBH Binary population
• 3D Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Gravitational Instability in AGN Accretion Disks: Effects of Radiation Pressure
• Dynamical Evolution and Merger Time-scales of LISA Massive Black Hole Binaries in Disk Galaxy Mergers
• Statistics of galaxy mergers: bridging the gap between theory and observation
• Infalling clouds onto super-massive black hole binaries - I. Formation of discs, accretion and gas dynamics
• Resolving the Complex Evolution of a Supermassive Black Hole Triplet in a Cosmological Simulation
• Kicking gravitational wave detectors with recoiling black holes
• The evolution of the mass ratio of accreting binaries: the role of gas temperature
• LISA detection of massive black hole binaries: imprint of seed populations and of exterme recoils
• Extreme recoils: impact on the detection of gravitational waves from massive black hole binaries
• Circumbinary disc self-gravity governing supermassive black hole binary mergers
• The effect of AGN feedback on the migration timescale of supermassive black holes binaries
• The Shape of an Accretion Disc in a Misaligned Black Hole Binary
• Resolving flows around black holes: the impact of gas angular momentum
• A unified accretion disc model for supermassive black holes in galaxy formation simulations: method and implementation
• Chaotic Gas Accretion by Black Holes Embedded in AGN Discs as Cause of Low-spin Signatures in Gravitational Wave Events
• Amplification of superkicks in black-hole binaries through orbital eccentricity
• Eccentric Binaries in Retrograde Disks
• On the Role of Gas Cooling in the Dynamics of Circumbinary Disks
• Black hole spin evolution in warped accretion discs
• The Bardeen-Petterson effect in accreting supermassive black-hole binaries: disc breaking and critical obliquity
• Accretion of clumpy cold gas onto massive black hole binaries: a possible fast route to binary coalescence
• Misaligned accretion on to supermassive black hole binaries
• Non-isotropic feedback from accreting spinning black holes
• The Bardeen-Petterson effect in accreting supermassive black-hole binaries: a systematic approach
• The evolution of a binary in a retrograde circular orbit embedded in an accretion disk
• Evidence for a milliparsec-separation Supermassive Binary Black Hole with quasar microlensing
• Black hole foraging: feedback drives feeding
• How the super-Eddington regime affects black hole spin evolution in high-redshift galaxies
• Dynamical evolution of massive black hole pairs in the presence of spin-dependent radiative feedback
• Feeding supermassive black holes by collisional cascades

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Identifying supermassive black hole recoil in elliptical galaxies
• Complex morphology and precession indicators of AGN jets in LoTSS DR2
• Probing AGN jet precession with LISA
• Premature supermassive black hole mergers in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• Accretion mediated spin-eccentricity correlations in LISA massive black hole binaries
• Growth of Light Seed Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive black hole binary mergers
• First Light And Reionization Epoch Simulations (FLARES) -- XIX: Supermassive black hole mergers in the early Universe and their environmental dependence
• Rapid sinking and efficient mergers of supermassive black holes in compact high-redshift galaxies
• Source Confusion of Massive Black Hole Binaries for the Taiji Mission