Surface density profiles of collisionless disc merger remnants

Abstract

We present a detailed surface density analysis of a large sample of simulated collisionless mergers of disc galaxies with bulges (mass ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 6:1) and without bulges (mass ratios 1:1 and 3:1). They were classified, according to their bulge--to--total ($B/T$) ratio, either as a one-component system or as a two-component systems. In general projection effects change the classification of a remnant. Only merger remnants of discs with bulges show properties similar to observed early--type galaxies. Their B/T ratios are in the range $0.2<B/T<1$. Surprisingly, the initial mass ratio has a weak influence on the distributions of $B/T$, effective radius and Sérsic index $n$. For all one-component projections ($\approx 60$ of all projections) the Sérsic index distribution peaks at $3<n<4$. However, the mass ratio is tightly linked to the properties of the outer exponential components which resemble pressure supported, spheroidal halos for 1:1 and 2:1 remnants and elongated heated discs for 6:1 remnants. We found distinct correlations between the fitting parameters which are very similar to observed relations (e.g. larger bulges have lower effective surface densities). No indications for a correlation between the surface density profiles and other global parameters are found. The remnants have properties similar to giant elliptical galaxies in the intermediate mass regime. A binary disc merger origin for all early-type galaxies, especially the most massive ones, is unlikely. Observed nearby merger remnants have properties similar to the simulated remnants. They can have formed from binary disc mergers and might evolve into early--type galaxies within a few Gyrs (abbreviated).

accepted for publication by MNRAS, low resolution figures

References in corpus (17)

• Black holes in galaxy mergers: The formation of red elliptical galaxies
• Formation of a spiral galaxy in a major merger
• Galaxy mergers with various mass ratios: properties of remnants
• The Fundamental Scaling Relations of Elliptical Galaxies
• Properties of Early-Type, Dry Galaxy Mergers and the Origin of Massive Elliptical Galaxies
• Dry Mergers in GEMS: The Dynamical Evolution of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• A Universal Density Profile for Dark and Luminous Matter?
• A simple model for the evolution of disc galaxies: The Milky Way
• Rotation and anisotropy of galaxies revisited
• On the Origin of Isophotal Shapes in Elliptical Galaxies
• Orbital Structure of Collisionless Merger Remnants: On the Origin of Photometric and Kinematic Properties of Elliptical and S0 Galaxies
• Numerical estimation of densities
• Elliptical galaxies from mergers of discs
• Structural properties of discs and bulges of early-type galaxies
• Encounters between spherical galaxies II: systems with dark halo
• The Surprising Anisotropy of Fast Rotating, Disky Elliptical Galaxies
• From the Tully-Fisher relation to the Fundamental Plane through Mergers

Cited by in corpus (100)

• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: I. Galaxy Mergers & Quasar Activity
• Minor mergers and the size evolution of elliptical galaxies
• Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
• The effect of galaxy mass ratio on merger--driven starbursts
• Mergers and Bulge Formation in Lambda-CDM: Which Mergers Matter?
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: II. Formation of Red Ellipticals
• Formation of early-type galaxies from cosmological initial conditions
• The ATLAS${}^{3D}$ project - XXV: Two-dimensional kinematic analysis of simulated galaxies and the cosmological origin of fast and slow rotators
• Bulge Formation by the Coalescence of Giant Clumps in Primordial Disk Galaxies
• Feedback in simulations of disc-galaxy major mergers
• The SINFONI Black Hole Survey: The Black Hole Fundamental Plane revisited and the paths of (co-) evolution of supermassive black holes and bulges
• Multiple minor mergers: formation of elliptical galaxies and constraints for the growth of spiral disks
• The influence of gas on the structure of merger remnants
• How do minor mergers promote inside-out growth of ellipticals, transforming the size, density profile and dark matter fraction?
• A simple model for the size-evolution of elliptical galaxies
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: IV. Evolution in the Scaling Relations of Spheroids
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: II. 'Cusp' Ellipticals
• Equal- and unequal-mass mergers of disk and elliptical galaxies with black holes
• The Dependence of Quenching upon the Inner Structure of Galaxies at 0.5<z< 0.8 in the DEEP2/AEGIS Survey
• Discriminating Between the Physical Processes that Drive Spheroid Size Evolution
• The Atlas3D Project - VI. Simulations of binary galaxy mergers and the link with Fast Rotators, Slow Rotators, and Kinematically Distinct Cores
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: I. Gas-Rich Merger Remnants
• Photometric scaling relations of lenticular and spiral galaxies
• Relaxation and Stripping: The Evolution of Sizes, Dispersions and Dark Matter Fractions in Major and Minor Mergers of Elliptical Galaxies
• The ATLAS3D project - XVII. Linking photometric and kinematic signatures of stellar discs in early-type galaxies
• Do dwarf galaxies form in tidal tails?
• Structural Properties of Central Galaxies in Groups and Clusters
• 2-Dimensional Kinematics of Simulated Disc Merger Remnants
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. III. The Three-Component Structure of Nearby Elliptical Galaxies
• Specific Angular Momentum of Disc Merger Remnants and the ${\lambda }_R$-Parameter
• Orbital structure of merger remnants: Trends with gas fraction in 1:1 mergers
• The ATLAS3D Project-- VIII: Modelling the Formation and Evolution of Fast and Slow Rotator Early-Type Galaxies within $\Lambda$CDM
• The evolution of Black Hole scaling relations in galaxy mergers
• The Cluster Velocity Dispersion of the Abell 2199 cD Halo of NGC 6166
• The effects of a hot gaseous halo in galaxy major mergers
• Pseudobulge Formation as a Dynamical Rather than a Secular Process
• Dry Mergers: A Crucial Test for Galaxy Formation
• The Cool ISM in Elliptical Galaxies. II. Gas Content in the Volume - Limited Sample and Results from the Combined Elliptical and Lenticular Surveys
• The formation of extremely diffuse galaxy cores by merging supermassive black holes
• Are disk galaxies the progenitors of giant ellipticals?
• The Dynamics of Galaxy Pairs in a Cosmological Setting
• VINE -- A numerical code for simulating astrophysical systems using particles I: Description of the physics and the numerical methods
• SAURON's Challenge for the Major Merger Scenario of Elliptical Galaxy Formation
• How galaxies lose their angular momentum
• Formation of S0 galaxies through mergers: Explaining angular momentum and concentration change from spirals to S0s
• The origin of pseudobulges in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• The central elliptical galaxy in fossil groups and formation of BCGs
• Insights on the Formation, Evolution, and Activity of Massive Galaxies From Ultra-Compact and Disky Galaxies at z=2-3
• The Argo Simulation: II. The Early Build-up of the Hubble Sequence
• Natures of a clump-origin bulge: a pseudobulge-like but old metal-rich bulge
• An HST/ACS investigation of the spatial and chemical structure and sub-structure of NGC 891, a Milky Way analogue
• Axisymmetric orbit models of N-body merger remnants: a dependency of reconstructed mass on viewing angle
• A spectroscopic sample of massive, evolved z~2 galaxies: Implications for the evolution of the mass-size relation
• The rise and fall of stellar discs across the peak of cosmic star formation history: mergers versus smooth accretion
• J1649+2635: A Grand-Design Spiral with a Large Double-Lobed Radio Source
• Stellar orbits in cosmological galaxy simulations: the connection to formation history and line-of-sight kinematics
• $Profiler$ - A Fast and Versatile New Program for Decomposing Galaxy Light Profiles
• Formation of the largest galactic cores through binary scouring and gravitational wave recoil
• Fossil groups origins II. Unveiling the formation of the brightest group galaxies through their scaling relations
• Formation of central massive objects via tidal compression
• Bright and Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies: Mass and Velocity Distributions from Self-consistent Hydrodynamical Simulations
• Disc galaxies formed from major mergers in Illustris
• Evolution along the sequence of S0 Hubble types induced by dry minor mergers. I - Global bulge-to-disk structural relations
• Evolution along the sequence of S0 Hubble types induced by dry minor mergers. II - Bulge-disk coupling in the photometric relations through merger-induced internal secular evolution
• The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey - VII. Structure and Assembly of Massive Galaxies in the Center of the Coma Cluster
• The two phases of core formation -- orbital evolution in the centres of ellipticals with supermassive black hole binaries
• KETJU -- resolving small-scale supermassive black hole dynamics in GADGET-4
• Frequency of Tidal Features Correlates with Age and Internal Structure of Early-type Galaxies
• On the Origin of the Dichotomy of Early-Type Galaxies: The Role of Dry Mergers and AGN Feedback
• Evidence for Impact of Galaxy Mergers on Stellar Kinematics of Early-type Galaxies
• High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modelling V. A detailed model of the M51 interacting pair
• Optical-Near Infrared Color Gradients And Merging History Of Elliptical Galaxies
• Measurement of non-axisymmetry in centres of advanced mergers of galaxies
• Sersic Properties of Disc Galaxy Mergers
• First Systematic Search for Oxygen-Line Blobs at High Redshift: Uncovering AGN Feedback and Star-Formation Quenching
• Stellar halos and elliptical galaxy formation: Origin of dynamical properties of the planetary nebular systems
• Data and 2D scaling relations for galaxies in Abell 1689: a hint of size evolution at z~0.2
• Synergies between low- and intermediate-redshift galaxy populations revealed with unsupervised machine learning
• Core shapes and orientations of core-Sersic galaxies
• Centrally Concentrated H I Distribution Enhances Star Formation in Galaxies
• Galaxy Structural Analysis with the Curvature of the Brightness Profile
• Dynamics and spin alignment in massive, gravito-turbulent circumbinary discs around supermassive black hole binaries
• Red galaxies with pseudo-bulges in the SDSS: closer to disk galaxies or to classical bulges?
• Ring Galaxies Through Off-center Minor Collisions by Tuning Bulge-to-disk Mass Ratio of Progenitors
• Impact of Galaxy Mergers on Stellar Population Profiles of Early-type Galaxies
• The VIRUS-P Exploration of Nearby Galaxies (VENGA): The stellar populations and assembly of NGC 2903's bulge, bar, and outer disc
• Linking the Structural Properties of Galaxies and their Star Formation Histories with STAGES
• Overview of the Near-IR S0 galaxy Survey (NIRS0S)
• The Structure of Galaxies: III. Two Structural Families of Ellipticals
• Testing a prediction of the merger origin of early-type galaxies: a correlation between stellar populations and asymmetry
• Total mass distributions of Sersic galaxies from photometry $&$ cent\ ral velocity dispersion
• Early-type galaxies in the Antlia Cluster: Catalogue and isophotal analysis
• The nearby QSO host I Zw 1: The stellar disk and adjacent objects
• Testing cosmological models with the brightness profile of distant galaxies
• Revisiting the Dichotomy of Early-type Galaxies
• Adiabatic black hole growth in Sérsic models of elliptical galaxies
• Scaling Relations in Dissipationless Spiral-like Galaxy Mergers
• Formation and evolution of galactic spheroids by mergers
• Ground-based Pa$\alpha$ Narrow-band Imaging of Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies II: Bulge Structure And Star Formation Activity
• An Extended, Physically Calibrated FP for Elliptical Galaxies