The FRIED grid of mass loss rates for externally irradiated protoplanetary discs

Abstract

We present an open access grid of 3930 calculations of externally evaporating protoplanetary discs. This spans a range of disc sizes (1-400AU), disc masses, UV field strengths (10-10${}^4$G${}_0$) and stellar masses (0.05-1.9M${}_{\odot }$). The grid is publicly available for download, and offers a means of cheaply including external photoevaporation in disc evolutionary calculations. It can also be queried using an online tool for quick estimates of instantaneous mass loss rates (e.g for convenient evaluation of real observed systems). The `FRIED' grid itself illustrates that for discs around stars $\le 0.3$M${}_{\odot }$ external photoevaporation is effective down to small radii ($<50$AU) down to UV fields at least as weak as 10G${}_0$. At the other end of the scale, in a $10^4$G${}_0$ environment photoevaporation is effective down to 1AU even for stellar masses at least as high as 1.9M${}_{\odot }$. We also illustrate in which regimes CO survives in the photoevaporative outflow for significant mass loss rates; marking a system a good candidate to detect external photoevaporation in weak-intermediate UV environments through sub-Keplerian rotation. Finally we make illustrative mass loss rate estimates for discs in Taurus based on the Guilloteau et al. (2011) star-disc parameters, finding that around half are expected to have both significant mass loss and retain CO in the photoevaporative outflow.

arXiv comment16 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (53)

• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region
• The Neutral Atomic Phases of the ISM in the Galaxy
• The UMIST database for astrochemistry 2012
• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks due to External FUV Radiation in Stellar Aggregates
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the $\sigma$ Orionis Cluster
• On the theory of disc photoevaporation
• A dual-frequency sub-arcsecond study of proto-planetary disks at mm wavelengths: First evidence for radial variations of the dust properties
• Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations
• Destruction of protoplanetary disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Properties of planets in binary systems. The role of binary separation
• Direct mapping of the temperature and velocity gradients in discs. Imaging the vertical CO snow line around IM Lupi
• On the Mass-Period Correlation of the Extrasolar Planets
• Unveiling the gas and dust disk structure in HD 163296 using ALMA observations
• The Coupled Physical Structure of Gas and Dust in the IM Lup Protoplanetary Disk
• The Photoevaporation of Discs Around Young Stars in Massive Clusters
• Protoplanetary disc truncation mechanisms in stellar clusters: comparing external photoevaporation and tidal encounters
• ALMA continuum observations of the protoplanetary disk AS 209. Evidence of multiple gaps opened by a single planet
• Challenges in Planet Formation
• The Impact of Dust Evolution and Photoevaporation on Disk Dispersal
• A Keck High Resolution Spectroscopic Study of the Orion Nebula Proplyds
• Different dust and gas radial extents in protoplanetary disks: consistent models of grain growth and CO emission
• Resolving the HD 100546 Protoplanetary System with the Gemini Planet Imager: Evidence for Multiple Forming, Accreting Planets
• Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-Resolution ALMA Observations
• External photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs in sparse stellar groups: the impact of dust growth
• Signatures of broken protoplanetary discs in scattered light and in sub-millimetre observations
• UV Radiation Fields Produced by Young Embedded Star Clusters
• Surface Layer Accretion in Transitional and Conventional Disks: From Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Planets
• Spitzer-IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars II. PAH emission features
• A tidal encounter caught in the act: modelling a star-disc fly-by in the young RW Aurigae system
• Viscous Evolution and Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks due to External FUV Radiation Fields
• Observations of Solids in Protoplanetary Disks
• Proplyds around a B1 star - 42 Orionis in NGC 1977
• Hydrodynamic Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks with Consistent Thermochemistry
• First evidence of external disc photoevaporation in a low mass star forming region: the case of IM Lup
• Multiple Stellar Fly-Bys Sculpting the Circumstellar Architecture in RW Aurigae
• Peering into the Giant Planet Forming Region of the TW Hydrae Disk with the Gemini Planet Imager
• A Spitzer Survey of Protoplanetary Disk Dust in the Young Serpens Cloud: How do Dust Characteristics Evolve with Time?
• Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks by Ultra Violet Radiation: Metallicity Dependence
• Where can a Trappist-1 planetary system be produced?
• Grand challenges in protoplanetary disc modelling
• Protoplanetary Disc Response to Distant Tidal Encounters in Stellar Clusters
• TORUS-3DPDR: A self-consistent code treating three-dimensional photoionization and photodissociation regions
• ALMA observations of Elias 2-24: a protoplanetary disk with multiple gaps in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud
• Photochemical-dynamical models of externally FUV irradiated protoplanetary discs
• Modelling massive-star feedback with Monte Carlo radiation hydrodynamics: photoionization and radiation pressure in a turbulent cloud
• A self-similar solution for thermal disc winds
• On the relative importance of different microphysics on the D-type expansion of galactic HII regions
• A "Rosetta Stone" for protoplanetary disks: The synergy of multi-wavelength observations
• External Photoevaporation of the Solar Nebula II: Effects on Disk Structure and Evolution with Non-Uniform Turbulent Viscosity due to the Magnetorotational Instability
• Applying a one-dimensional PDR model to the Taurus molecular cloud and its atomic envelope

Cited by in corpus (74)

• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). IV. Planetary systems around low-mass stars
• The evolution of dust in discs influenced by external photoevaporation
• External photoevaporation of circumstellar disks constrains the timescale for planet formation
• Observed sizes of planet-forming disks trace viscous evolution
• Stellar clustering shapes the architectures of planetary systems
• Bridging the gap between protoplanetary and debris disks: separate evolution of millimeter and micrometer-sized dust
• Flybys in protoplanetary discs: II. Observational signatures
• Planets In Young Massive Clusters: On the survivability of planets in young massive clusters and its implication of planet orbital architectures in globular clusters
• The first multi-dimensional view of mass loss from externally FUV irradiated protoplanetary discs
• Prevalent externally-driven protoplanetary disc dispersal as a function of the galactic environment
• A solution to the proplyd lifetime problem
• Rapid destruction of protoplanetary discs due to externalphotoevaporation in star-forming regions
• Disk masses in the Orion Molecular Cloud-2: distinguishing time and environment
• Protoplanetary Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Gas Disk Morphologies and Kinematics as seen with ALMA
• The evolution of protoplanetary discs in star formation and feedback simulations
• Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA) II: UV-driven disk mass loss in L1641 and L1647
• Proplyds in the Flame Nebula NGC 2024
• Planet formation via pebble accretion in externally photoevaporating discs
• The growth and migration of massive planets under the influence of external photoevaporation
• Planetary Population Synthesis and the Emergence of Four Classes of Planetary System Architectures
• Ionization: a possible explanation for the difference of mean disk sizes in star-forming regions
• Population study on MHD wind-driven disc evolution -- Confronting theory and observation
• Exploring the link between star and planet formation with Ariel
• Massive star feedback in clusters: variation of the FUV interstellar radiation field in time and space
• Radiation shielding of protoplanetary discs in young star-forming regions
• Effects of stellar density on the photoevaporation of circumstellar discs
• The influence of the environment on the spin evolution of low-mass stars. I. External photoevaporation of circumstellar disks
• External photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs: does location matter?
• Testing external photoevaporation in the $\sigma$-Orionis cluster with spectroscopy and disk mass measurements
• From Dust to Planets I: Planetesimal and Embryo Formation
• The external photoevaporation of structured protoplanetary disks
• Towards a population synthesis of discs and planets. II. Confronting disc models and observations at the population level
• External photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs in Cygnus OB2: linking discs to star formation dynamical history
• Small Protoplanetary Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster and OMC1 with ALMA
• Warm millimetre dust in protoplanetary discs near massive stars
• Far and extreme ultraviolet radiation fields and consequent disc destruction in star-forming regions
• Peter Pan Discs: finding Neverland's parameters
• Testing viscous disc theory using the balance between stellar accretion and external photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs
• The Observational Anatomy of Externally Photoevaporating Planet-Forming Discs I: Atomic Carbon
• Evolution of circumstellar discs in young star-forming regions
• [OI] 6300Å emission as a probe of external photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs
• Chemical modeling of Orion Nebula Cluster disks: evidence for massive, compact gas disks with ISM-like gas-to-dust ratios
• Exploring the possibility of Peter Pan discs across stellar mass
• Determining dispersal mechanisms of protoplanetary disks using accretion and wind mass loss rates
• Global N-body simulations of circumbinary planet formation around Kepler-16 and -34 analogues I: Exploring the pebble accretion scenario
• An updated modular set of synthetic spectral energy distributions for young stellar objects
• The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO): VIII. The impact of external photoevaporation on disk masses and radii in Upper Scorpius
• Planetesimals Around Stars with TESS (PAST): II. An M Dwarf "Dipper" Star with a Long-Lived Disk in the TESS Continuous Viewing Zone
• Long-term stability of planets in and around binary stars
• Toward a Population Synthesis of Disks and Planets I. Evolution of Dust with Entrainment in Winds and Radiation Pressure
• The evolution of circumstellar discs in the Galactic Centre: an application to the G-clouds
• The imprint of X-ray photoevaporation of planet-forming discs on the orbital distribution of giant planets -- II. Theoretical predictions
• An APEX search for carbon emission from NGC 1977 proplyds
• A slim disc approach to external photoevaporation of discs
• Short-lived radioisotope enrichment in star-forming regions from stellar winds and supernovae
• Double-peaked OI profile: a likely signature of the gaseous ring around KH 15D
• Externally irradiated young stars in NGC 3603. A JWST NIRSpec catalogue of pre-main-sequence stars in a massive star formation region
• The evolution of protoplanetary disc radii and disc masses in star-forming regions
• XUE. JWST spectroscopy of externally irradiated disks around young intermediate-mass stars
• Chandra Observations of Six Peter Pan Disks: Diversity of X-ray-driven Internal Photoevaporation Rates Doesn't Explain Their Rare Longevity
• Forming short period sub-stellar companions in 47 Tucanae -- II. Analytic expressions for the orbital evolution of planets in dense environments
• Evaporation before disruption: comparing timescales for Jovian planets in star-forming regions
• Double trouble: Gaia reveals (proto)-planetary systems that may experience more than one dense star-forming environment
• An upper limit for the growth of inner planets?
• DIPSY: A new Disc Instability Population SYnthesis, I. Modeling, evolution of individual systems, and tests
• Using simultaneous mass accretion and external photoevaporation rates for d203-504 to constrain disc evolution processes
• Timescales diagnostics for saving viscous and MHD-driven dusty discs from external photoevaporation
• The influence of tight binaries on proto-planetary disk masses
• Line ratio identification of external photoevaporation
• A framework for modeling the evolution of young stellar objects
• Global Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Outer Truncation
• Dispersal of protoplanetary discs: How stellar properties and the local environment determine the pathway of evolution
• Detailed Abundances of Planet-Hosting Open Clusters. The Praesepe (Beehive) Cluster
• Drifters on the edge of town: $\lambda$ Boötis stars in clusters