Exploring the possibility of Peter Pan discs across stellar mass

Abstract

Recently, several accreting M dwarf stars have been discovered with ages far exceeding the typical protoplanetary disc lifetime. These `Peter Pan discs' can be explained as primordial discs that evolve in a low-radiation environment. The persistently low masses of the host stars raise the question whether primordial discs can survive up to these ages around stars of higher mass. In this work we explore the way in which different mass loss processes in protoplanetary discs limit their maximum lifetimes, and how this depends on host star mass. We find that stars with masses $\lesssim$ 0.6 M${}_{\odot }$ can retain primordial discs for $\sim$50 Myr. At stellar masses $\gtrsim$ 0.8 M${}_{\odot }$, the maximum disc lifetime decreases strongly to below 50 Myr due to relatively more efficient accretion and photoevaporation by the host star. Lifetimes up to 15 Myr are still possible for all host star masses up to $\sim$2 M${}_{\odot }$. For host star masses between 0.6 and 0.8 M${}_{\odot }$, accretion ceases and an inner gap forms before 50 Myr in our models. Observations suggest that such a configuration is rapidly dispersed. We conclude that Peter Pan discs can only occur around M dwarf stars.

arXiv commentAccepted by MNRAS, 8 pages, 5 figures

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