First Detection of A Linear Structure in the Midplane of the Young HH 211 Protostellar Disk: A Spiral Arm?

Abstract

Spiral structures have been detected in evolved protostellar disks, driving the disk accretion towards the central protostars to facilitate star formation. However, it is still unclear if these structures can form earlier in young protostellar disks. With the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we have detected and spatially resolved a very young and nearly edge-on dusty disk with a radius of only ~ 20 au in the HH 211 protostellar system at submillimeter wavelength. It is geometrically thick, indicating that the submillimeter light-emitting dust grains have yet to settle to the midplane for planet formation. Intriguingly, it shows 3 bright linear structures parallel to the equatorial plane, resembling a 3-layer pancake that has not been seen before. The top and bottom ones arise from the warm disk surfaces, unveiling the flared structure of the disk. More importantly, the middle one is in the dense midplane of the disk and can be modeled as a trailing spiral arm excited by disk gravity, as seen in evolved protostellar disks, supporting the presence of spiral structures in the very early phase for disk accretion.

arXiv comment19 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (32)

• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region
• Nonlinear Outcome of Gravitational Instability in Cooling, Gaseous Disks
• Gravitational Instabilities in Circumstellar Disks
• Enhanced Angular Momentum Transport in Accretion Disks
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• Spiral Density Waves in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• Protostellar disk formation and transport of angular momentum during magnetized core collapse
• Collapse of Magnetized Singular Isothermal Toroids: II. Rotation and Magnetic Braking
• The effect of cooling on the global stability of self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
• Collapse of a Molecular Cloud Core to Stellar Densities: The First Three-Dimensional Calculations
• Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA I. Results from continuum data
• Which are the youngest protostars? Determining properties of confirmed and candidate Class0 sources by broad-band photometry
• Grand Design Spiral Arms in A Young Forming Circumstellar Disk
• Spiral Arms in Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disks as Imaged in Scattered Light
• SiO J=5--4 in the HH211 Protostellar Jet Imaged with the SMA
• Towards a population synthesis model of self-gravitating disc fragmentation and tidal downsizing II: The effect of fragment-fragment interactions
• Submillimeter arcsecond-resolution mapping of the highly collimated protostellar jet HH 211
• Spiral Arms and a Massive Dust Disk with non-Keplerian Kinematics: Possible Evidence for Gravitational Instability in the Disk of Elias 2-27
• The reflection-symmetric wiggle of the young protostellar jet HH 211
• A 100 au-Wide Bipolar Rotating Shell Emanating From The HH 212Protostellar Disk: A Disk Wind?
• The VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey: First Look at Resolved Candidate Disks around Class 0 and I Protostars in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
• What Produces Dust Polarization in the HH 212 Protostellar Disk at 878 μm: Dust Self-Scattering or Dichroic Extinction?
• Are Elias 2-27's spiral arms driven by self-gravity, or by a companion? A comparative spiral morphology study
• Substructure Formation in a Protostellar Disk of L1527 IRS
• A Pseudodisk Threaded with a Toroidal and Pinched Poloidal Magnetic Field Morphology in the HH 211 Protostellar System
• Early evolution of disk, outflow, and magnetic field of young stellar objects: Impact of dust model
• Inferring (Sub)millimeter Dust Opacities and Temperature Structure in Edge-on Protostellar Disks From Resolved Multi-Wavelength Continuum Observations: The Case of the HH 212 Disk
• Formation of dust clumps with sub-Jupiter mass and cold shadowed region in gravitationally unstable disk around Class 0/I protostar in L1527 IRS
• Magneto-Centrifugal Origin for Protostellar Jets Validated through Detection of Radial Flow at the Jet Base
• 25 AU Angular Resolution Observations of HH 211 with ALMA : Jet Properties and Shock Structures in SiO, CO, and SO
• Increasing mass-to-flux ratio from the dense core to the protostellar envelope around the Class 0 protostar HH 211

Cited by in corpus (2)

• CAMPOS II. The onset of protostellar disk substructures and planet formation
• Insights into the first and second hydrostatic core stages from numerical simulations