Modeling of the ALMA HL Tau Polarization by Mixture of Grain Alignment and Self-scattering

Abstract

Dust polarization at (sub)millimeter wavelengths has been observed for many protoplanetary disks. Theoretically, multiple origins potentially contribute to the polarized emission but it is still uncertain what mechanism is dominant in disk millimeter polarization. To quantitatively address the origin, we perform radiative transfer calculations of the mixture of alignment and self-scattering induced polarization to reproduce the 3.1 mm polarization of the HL Tau disk, which shows azimuthal pattern in polarization vectors. We find that a mixture of the grain alignment and self-scattering is essential to reproduce the HL Tau 3.1 mm polarization properties. Our model shows that the polarization of the HL Tau at 3.1 mm can be decomposed to be the combination of the self-scattering parallel to the minor axis and the alignment-induced polarization parallel to the major axis, with the orders of $\sim 0.5\%$ fraction for each component. This slightly eases the tight constraints on the grain size of $\sim 70\mu \mathrm{m}$ to be $\sim 130\mu \mathrm{m}$ in the previous studies but further modeling is needed. In addition, the grain alignment model requires effectively prolate grains but the physics to reproduce it in protoplanetary disks is still a mystery.

arXiv comment12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Porous Dust Particles in Protoplanetary Disks: Application to the HL Tau Disk
• Millimeter-sized Dust Grains Appear Surviving the Water-sublimating Temperature in the Inner 10 au of the FU Ori Disk
• Impact of Differential Dust Settling on the SED and Polarization: Application to the Inner Region of the HL Tau Disk
• The coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks: Planetesimal formation thresholds explored in two-dimensional global models
• Thermal Emission and Scattering by Aligned Grains: Plane-Parallel Model and Application to Multiwavelength Polarization of the HL Tau Disk
• On Far-Infrared and Submm Circular Polarization
• Evidence of Grain Alignment by Magnetically Enhanced Radiative Torques from Multiwavelength Dust Polarization Modeling of HL Tau
• Synthetic Modelling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-Mass YSOs: I: Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization
• Wavelength-dependent far-infrared polarization of HL Tau observed with SOFIA/HAWC+