High-mobility transport anisotropy and linear dichroism in few-layer black phosphorus

Abstract

Two-dimensional crystals are emerging materials for nanoelectronics. Development of the field requires candidate systems with both a high carrier mobility and, in contrast to graphene, a sufficiently large electronic bandgap. Here we present a detailed theoretical investigation of the atomic and electronic structure of few-layer black phosphorus (BP) in order to predict its electrical and optical properties. This system has a direct bandgap, tunable from 1.51 eV for a monolayer to 0.59 eV for a 5-layer sample. We predict that the mobilities are hole-dominated, rather high and highly anisotropic. The monolayer is exceptional in having an extremely high hole-mobility (of order 10000 cm${}^2$ V${}^{-1}$ s${}^{-1}$) and anomalous elastic properties which reverse the anisotropy. Light absorption spectra indicate linear dichroism between perpendicular in-plane directions, which allows optical determination of the crystalline orientation and optical activation of the anisotropic transport properties. These results make few-layer BP a promising candidate for future electronics.

Nature Communications, in press (2014). 3 figures and 2 tables together with a supporting info of 5 figures and 3 tables

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• Excitonic complexes in anisotropic atomically thin two-dimensional materials: black phosphorus and TiS${}_3$
• Charge carrier transport and lifetimes in n-type and p-type phosphorene as 2D device active materials: an ab initio study
• Interplay between in-plane and flexural phonons in electronic transport of two-dimensional semiconductors
• Comparison of Optical Response from DFT Random Phase Approximation and Low-Energy Effective Model: Strained Phosphorene
• Covalent Functionalized Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots
• Phonon anharmonicity and thermal conductivity of two-dimensional van der Waals materials: A review
• Electron spin dynamics of two-dimensional layered materials
• Robust and Pristine Top ological Dirac Semimetal Phase in Pressured Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorous
• Anisotropic Stark shift, field-induced dissociation, and electroabsorption of excitons in phosphorene
• Electrically Tunable Energy Bandgap in Dual-Gated Ultra-Thin Black Phosphorus Field Effect Transistors
• Dephasing in strongly anisotropic black phosphorus
• Lattice dynamics and elastic properties of black phosphorus
• Mechanical behavior of composite double wall nanotubes from carbon and phosphorous
• Ultrafast carrier-coupled interlayer contraction, coherent intralayer motions, and phonon thermalization dynamics of black phosphorus
• The thermal and electrical properties of the promising semiconductor MXene Hf2CO2
• Negative Compressibility in Graphene-terminated Black Phosphorus Heterostructures
• Long-Term Environmental Stability of Nitrogen-Healed Black Phosphorus
• Mono-elemental saturable absorber in mode-locked fiber laser: A review
• Massless Dirac-Fermions in Stable Two-Dimensional Carbon-Arsenic Monolayer
• Two-dimensional InSe/WS${}_2$ heterostructure with enhanced optoelectronic performance in the visible region
• Integrated photonics incorporating 2D materials for practical applications
• Ultrahigh carrier mobility, Dirac cone and high stretchability in pyrenyl and pyrazinoquinoxaline graphdiyne/graphyne nanosheets confirmed by first-principles
• Protective layer enhanced the stability and superconductivity of tailored antimonene bilayer
• Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities and Linear Absorption in Phosphorene Nanoribbons: Ab initio study
• Electric-field modulation of linear dichroism and Faraday rotation in few-layer phosphorene
• Accurately Determining Defect Ionization Energy in Low-Dimensional Semiconductors: Charge Corrected Jellium Model
• Manipulating the symmetry of photon-dressed electronic states
• Electronic Self-passivation of Single Vacancy in Black Phosphorus via a Controlled Ionization
• Stochastic Time-Dependent DFT with Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Hybrids: Application to Excitonic Effects in Large Phosphorene Sheets
• Triggering superconductivity, semiconducting states, and ternary valley structure in graphene via functionalization with Si-N layers
• Edge State and Intrinsic Hole Doping in Bilayer Phosphorene
• Probing 2D Black Phosphorus by Quantum Capacitance Measurements
• Gap control in phosphorene/BN structures from first principles calculations
• Gate-tunable strong-weak localization transition in few-layer black phosphorus
• Isotropic charge screening of the anisotropic black phosphorus revealed by potassium adatoms
• Highly Tunable Band Inversion in AB2X4 (A=Ge, Sn, Pb; B=As, Sb, Bi; X=Se, Te) Compounds
• Electrostatic quantum dot confinement in phosphorene
• Angstrom-wide conductive channels in black phosphorus by Cu intercalation
• Quantitatively predicting angle-resolved polarized Raman intensity of anisotropic layered materials
• Visible Out-of-plane Polarized Luminescence and Electronic Resonance from Black Phosphorus
• Tuning electronic properties and contact type in van der Waals heterostructures of bilayer SnS and graphene
• Graphene-like quaternary compound SiBCN: a new wide direct band gap semiconductor predicted by a first-principles study
• Me-graphane: tailoring the structural and electronic properties of Me-graphene by hydrogenation
• Lattice Opening Upon Bulk Reductive Covalent Functionalization of Black Phosphorus
• Direct Investigation of the Birefringent Optical Properties of Black Phosphorus with Picosecond Interferometry
• Charge and Spin Transport Anisotropy in Nanopatterned Graphene
• Metastable Interlayer Frenkel Pair Defects by Dipole-like Strain Fields for Dimensional Distortion in Black Phosphorus
• Native Point Defects in Mono-- and Bi--layer Phosphorene
• Exploring Exciton and Polaron Dominated Photo-physical Phenomena in Ruddlesden-Popper Phases of Ban+1ZrnS3n+1 (n=[1-3]) from Many Body Perturbation Theory
• Phase diagram and superlattice structures of monolayer phosphorus carbide (P${}_x$C${}_{1-x}$)
• Quantum transport through the edge states of Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons in presence of a single point defect: analytic Green's function method
• Floquet optical selection rules in black phosphorus
• Wigner molecules in phosphorene quantum dots
• Berry Curvature Dipole and its Strain Engineering in Layered Phosphorene
• Ultrahigh thermoelectric performance of Janus α-STe2 and α-SeTe2 monolayers
• Effect of long-range structural corrugations on magnetotransport properties of phosphorene in tilted magnetic field
• Magnetoelectronic properties of normal and skewed phosphorene nanoribbons
• Optical Phonon Limited High Field Transport in Layered Materials
• Structural phase transition in monolayer gold(I) telluride: From a room-temperature topologicalinsulator to an auxetic semiconductor
• Photocatalytic Activity of Phosphorene Derivatives: Coverage, Electronic, Optical and Excitonic properties
• Semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory of few-layer black phosphorus in various phases
• Observation of A${}_g^1$ Raman mode splitting in few layers black phosphorus encapsulated with hexagonal boron nitride
• First-principles study of magnetism and electric field effects in 2D systems
• Anisotropic Pseudospin Tunneling in Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus Junctions
• Unambiguous identification of monolayer phosphorene by phase-shifting interferometry
• Exploring Low Internal Reorganization Energies for Silicene Nanoclusters
• Tunable transmission due to defects in zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons
• Plasmon-phonon-polaritons in encapsulated phosphorene
• Valence force model and nanomechanics of single-layer phosphorene
• Quantum well confinement and competitive radiative pathways in the luminescence of black phosphorus layers
• Electronic structure and conductivity in functionalized multilayer black phosphorene
• Impact of Orientation Misalignments on Black Phosphorus Ultrascaled Field-effect Transistors
• Non-Classical Longitudinal Magneto-Resistance in Anisotropic Black Phosphorus
• Giant anisotropic band flattening in twisted $\Gamma$ valley semiconductor bilayers
• Anomalous tensile strength and thermal expansion, and low thermal conductivity in wide band gap boron monoxide monolayer
• Black Phosphorus based One-dimensional Photonic Crystals and Microcavities
• Layer Tunable Third-Harmonic Generation in Multilayer Black Phosphorus
• Evidence of Josephson coupling in a few-layer black phosphorus planar Josephson junction
• Tunable anisotropic behaviors in phosphorene under periodic potentials in arbitrary directions
• Proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling in phosphorene on a WSe${}_2$ monolayer
• Two-Dimensional Wide-Band-Gap II-V Semiconductors with a Dilated Graphene-like Structure
• Quantum-phase two-dimensional materials
• Effect of TCNQ layer cover on oxidation dynamics of black phosphorus
• Effect of excess charge carriers and fluid medium on the magnitude and the sign of the Casimir-Lifshitz torque
• An analytic virtual-source-based current-voltage model for ultra-thin black phosphorus field-effect transistors
• $\mathrm{BaA}{\mathrm{s}}_3$: A narrow gap 2D semiconductor with vacancy-induced semiconductor-metal transition
• Tunneling Effect in Gapped Phosphorene through Double Barriers
• Anisotropy of the Optical Properties of Pentacene:Black Phosphorus Interfaces
• Two-impurity-entanglement generation by electron scattering in zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons
• Room-Temperature Anisotropic Plasma Mirror and Polarization-Controlled Optical Switch Based on Type-II Weyl Semimetal WP2
• First principles investigation of pressure related quantum transport in pure black phosphorus devices
• Magnetothermoelectric transport properties in phosphorene
• Low-symmetry two-dimensional BNP${}_2$ and C${}_2$SiS structures with high and anisotropic carrier mobilities
• BP_5 Monolayer with Multiferroicity and Negative Poisson's Ratio: A Prediction by Global Optimization Method
• Bandgap evolution in nanographene assemblies
• Band Alignment in Black Phosphorus/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterolayers: Impact of Charge Redistribution, Electric Field, Strain and Layer Engineering
• Magnetoexcitons in phosphorene monolayers, bilayers, and van der Waals heterostructures
• Atomically thin mononitrides SiN and GeN: new two-dimensional semiconducting materials
• Floquet-Volkov interference in a semiconductor
• Robust cross-chain surface interstitial electronic states and doping-enhanced superconductivity in monolayer $M_2$N ($M$= Ti, Zr, Hf) electrides
• High-efficiency photoelectric detector based on a p-n homojunction of monolayer black phosphorus
• In-situ scanning tunneling microscopy observation of thickness-dependent air-sensitive layered materials and heterodevices
• Effects of layer stacking and strain on electronic transport in 2D tin monoxide
• Effect of flexural phonons on the hole states in single-layer black phosphorus
• Valley-polarization and stable triplet exciton formation in 2D lateral heterostrcuture of hBN-kagome and graphene
• SrPd, a candidate material with extremely large magnetoresistance
• Onset of exciton-exciton annihilation in single layer black phosphorus
• Bloch dynamics in inversion symmetry broken monolayer phosphorene
• Realization of nodal ring semimetal in pressurized black phosphorus
• Strain-induced energy band gap opening in two-dimensional bilayered silicon film
• Engineering Kondo state in two-dimensional semiconducting phosphorene
• Optical properties of orthorhombic germanium sulfide: Unveiling the Anisotropic Nature of Wannier Exciton
• Electronic structure and transport in materials with flat bands: 2D materials and quasicrystals
• Enhanced thermopower in two-dimensional ruthenium dichalcogenides $Ru{X}_2$ (X = S, Se): a first-principles study
• Cross-Examination of Photoinitiated Carrier and Structural Dynamics of Black Phosphorus at Elevated Fluences
• Enhanced thermoelectric properties in phosphorene nanorings
• Simulation of Schottky-Barrier Phosphorene Transistors
• Monolayer Phosphorene-Metal Interfaces
• Moderate bandgap and high carrier mobility simultaneously realized in bilayer silicene by oxidation
• Winterface: An Interface from Wannier90 to Quantum Transport
• Experimentally Measured Field Effect Mobilities for Few Layer van der Waals Materials
• Dimensionality-suppressed chemical doping in 2D semiconductors: the cases of phosphorene, MoS2, and ReS2 from first-principles
• Spectral responsivity and photoconductive gain in thin film black phosphorus photodetectors
• Tunable quantum interference effect on magnetoconductivity in few-layer black phosphorus
• Dirac Fermions induced in strained zigzag phosphorus nanotubes and the applications in field effect transistors
• Chiral excitonic systems in twisted bilayers from Förster coupling and unconventional excitonic Hall effects
• Design of Black Phosphorus 2D Nanomechanical Resonators by Exploiting the Intrinsic Mechanical Anisotropy
• Black Arsenic as an Optimum Gas Sensor: vdW Corrected Density Functional Theory Calculations
• Enhanced Linear Dichroism of Flattened-Edge Black Phosphorus Nanoribbons
• Role of effective mass anisotropy in realizing a hybrid nodal-line fermion state
• Surface Transport and Quantum Hall Effect in Ambipolar Black Phosphorus Double Quantum Wells
• Reduction of fully screened magnetoplasmons in a laterally confined anisotropic two-dimensional electron system to an isotropic one
• Valley polarization generated in 3-dimensional group-IV monochalcogenids
• Two-dimensional MX family of Dirac materials with tunable electronic and topological properties
• Low-frequency interlayer phonon dynamics and photoinduced terahertz absorption in black phosphorus
• Monolayer H-Si-P Semiconductors: Structural stability, electronic structure, optical properties, and Prospects for photocatalytic water splitting
• Multilayer C2N: Effect of Stacking Order and Number of Layers on Bandgap and Its Controlled Electronic Properties by External Electric Field
• H2 O incorporation in the phosphorene/a-SiO2 interface: A first-principles study
• Linear Dichroism Conversion in Quasi One-Dimensional Perovskite Chalcogenide
• Electrostatic properties and current transport of two-dimensional Schottky barrier diode
• Interband spectroscopy of Landau levels and magnetoexcitons in bulk black phosphorus
• Two-dimensional ferroelastic semiconductors in Nb2SiTe4 and Nb2GeTe4 with promising electronic properties
• Two-dimensional Penta-Pt2N4: an ideal material for nanoelectronics
• Strain Modulated Electronic and Optical Properties of Laterally Stitched MoSi2N4/XSi2N4 (X=W, Ti) 2D Heterostructures
• A Gd@C82-based single molecular electret device with switchable electrical polarization
• Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in phosphorene quantum rings: mass anisotropy compensation by confinement potential
• Atomic bonding and binding energy of two-dimensional Bi/Li(110) heterojunctions via BOLS and BB model
• Two-Dimensional PN Monolayer Sheets with Fantastic Structures and Properties
• Unravelling Single Atom Electrocatalytic Activity of Transition Metal Doped Phosphorene
• Stacked polarimeters with twisted black phosphorus
• Equilibration and Filtering of Quantum Hall Edge States in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus
• Tight Binding Parametrization of Few-layer Black Phosphorus from First-Principles Calculations
• Predicting A Novel Phase of 2D SiTe${}_2$
• Intrinsic defects, fluctuations of the local shape, and the photo-oxidation of black phosphorus
• Robust two-dimensional ice on graphene built from finite-length water molecular chains
• Design of Phosphorene for Hydrogen Evolution Performance Comparable to Platinum
• Exciton localization on p-i-n junctions in two-dimensional crystals
• Non-adiabatic suppression of 3D excitonic screening in black phosphorus by mid-infrared pulses
• Diffusive density response of electrons in anisotropic multiband systems
• Electrical Control of Linear Dichroism in Black Phosphorus from the Visible to Mid-Infrared
• Shift current conductivity in monolayer SnS: a tight-binding analysis
• Nonlocal and nonlinear plasmonics in atomically thin heterostructures
• Two-Dimensional Na2LiAlP2 Crystal for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors
• Electric field tunable magnetoexcitons in Xenes-hBN-TMDC, Xenes-hBN-BP, and Xenes-hBN-TMTC heterostructures
• Two ultra-stable novel allotropes of Tellurium few-layers
• Mid-Infrared Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Thin Film Black Phosphorus
• Bilayer Phosphorene: Effect of Stacking Order on Bandgap and its Potential Applications in Thin-Film Solar Cells
• Controlling quantum spin Hall state via strain in various stacking bilayer phosphorene
• First-principles Study of the Interactions of Electron Donor and Acceptor Molecules with Phosphorene
• Control of near-field radiative heat transfer based on anisotropic 2D materials