Observation of Low-frequency Interlayer Breathing Modes in Few-layer Black Phosphorus

Abstract

As a new two-dimensional layered material, black phosphorus (BP) is a promising material for nanoelectronics and nano-optoelectronics. We use Raman spectroscopy and first-principles theory to report our findings related to low-frequency (LF) interlayer breathing modes (<100 cm-1) in few-layer BP for the first time. The breathing modes are assigned to Ag symmetry by the laser polarization dependence study and group theory analysis. Compared to the high-frequency (HF) Raman modes, the LF breathing modes are much more sensitive to interlayer coupling and thus their frequencies show much stronger dependence on the number of layers. Hence, they could be used as effective means to probe both the crystalline orientation and thickness for few-layer BP. Furthermore, the temperature dependence study shows that the breathing modes have a harmonic behavior, in contrast to HF Raman modes which are known to exhibit anharmonicity.

arXiv comment5 figures, 39 pages

References in corpus (40)

• Black phosphorus field-effect transistors
• Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene
• Phosphorene: A New 2D Material with High Carrier Mobility
• Van der Waals Density Functional for General Geometries
• Anomalous Lattice Vibrations of Single and Few-Layer MoS2
• High-mobility transport anisotropy and linear dichroism in few-layer black phosphorus
• Rediscovering Black Phosphorus: A Unique Anisotropic 2D Material for Optoelectronics and Electronics
• Intrinsic and Extrinsic Performance Limits of Graphene Devices on SiO2
• Two-Dimensional Material Nanophotonics
• Tunable Band Gap and Anisotropic Optical Response in Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• Fast and broadband photoresponse of few-layer black phosphorus field-effect transistors
• Isolation and characterization of few-layer black phosphorus
• Strain-induced gap modification in black phosphorus
• Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: Synthesis, Transport Properties and Electronic Applications
• The Renaissance of Black Phosphorus
• Strain-Engineering Anisotropic Electrical Conductance of Phosphorene and Few-Layer Black Phosphorus
• Electric field effect in ultrathin black phosphorus
• Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene
• Symmetry-dependent phonon renormalization in monolayer MoS2 transistor
• Controlling electron-phonon interactions in graphene at ultra high carrier densities
• Acoustic phonon scattering limited carrier mobility in 2D extrinsic graphene
• Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating
• Enhanced Thermoelectric Efficiency via Orthogonal Electrical and Thermal Conductances in Phosphorene
• Temperature Dependent Raman Studies and Thermal Conductivity of Few Layer MoS2
• Interlayer breathing and shear modes in few-trilayer MoS2 and WSe2
• Plasma-assisted fabrication of monolayer phosphorene and its Raman characterization
• Plasmons and screening in monolayer and multilayer black phosphorus
• A black phosphorus photo-detector for multispectral, high-resolution imaging
• Shear and Layer Breathing Modes in Multilayer MoS2
• Phonon anharmonicities in graphite and graphene
• Black Phosphorus Radio-Frequency Transistors
• Strong Thermal Transport Anisotropy and Strain Modulation in Single-Layer Phosphorene
• Temperature-dependent Phonon Shifts in Monolayer MoS2
• Hinge-like structure induced unusual properties of black phosphorus and new strategies to improve the thermoelectric performance
• Observation of out-of-plane vibrations in few-layer graphene
• Layer breathing modes in few-layer graphene
• Anharmonic phonons in few layer MoS${}_2$: Raman spectroscopy of ultra low energy compression and shear modes
• Group theory for structural analysis and lattice vibrations in phosphorene systems
• Large thermoelectric power factors in black phosphorus and phosphorene
• Interlayer Breathing and Shear Modes in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus

Cited by in corpus (32)

• Black phosphorus: narrow gap, wide applications
• Electronic and optical properties of strained graphene and other strained 2D materials: a review
• Chemically Tailoring Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Black Phosphorus
• Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus
• Auxetic Black Phosphorus: A 2D Material with Negative Poisson's Ratio
• Stable Aqueous Dispersions of Optically and Electronically Active Phosphorene
• Ab initio study of electron-phonon interaction in phosphorene
• Interlayer electronic hybridization leads to exceptional thickness-dependent vibrational properties in few-layer black phosphorus
• Splitting of interlayer shear modes and photon energy dependent anisotropic Raman response in $N$-layer ReSe${}_2$ and ReS${}_2$
• Coupling and stacking order of ReS2 atomic layers revealed by ultralow-frequency Raman spectroscopy
• Highly Itinerant Atomic Vacancies in Phosphorene
• Low-Symmetry Two-Dimensional Materials for Electronic and Photonic Applications
• Polytypism and Unexpected Strong Interlayer Coupling of two-Dimensional Layered ReS2
• Anomalous temperature dependence of the band-gap in Black Phosphorus
• Distinct spin-lattice and spin-phonon interactions in monolayer magnetic CrI${}_3$
• Collective Excitations in 2D Materials
• Ultralow-frequency collective compression mode and strong interlayer coupling in multilayer black phosphorus
• Stacking-Dependent Interlayer Phonons in 3R and 2H MoS${}_2$
• Interatomic force constants including the DFT-D dispersion contribution
• Probing the uniaxial strains in MoS${}_2$ using polarized Raman spectroscopy: A first-principles study
• Interlayer bond polarizability model for stacking-dependent low-frequency Raman scattering in layered materials
• Probing the anisotropic behaviors of black phosphorus by transmission electron microscope, angular-dependent Raman spectra and electronic transports measurements
• Shear and breathing modes of layered materials
• Second-Order Raman Scattering in Exfoliated Black Phosphorus
• The impact of hexagonal boron nitride encapsulation on the structural and vibrational properties of few layer black phosphorus
• Anisotropic Charge Carrier and Coherent Acoustic Phonon Dynamics of Black Phosphorus Studied by Transient Absorption Microscopy
• Power dissipation and electrical breakdown in black phosphorus
• Temperature Dependent Layer Breathing Modes in Two Dimensional Materials
• Identification of soft modes across the commensurate-to-incommensurate charge density wave transition in 1$T$-TaSe${}_2$
• Low-frequency interlayer phonon dynamics and photoinduced terahertz absorption in black phosphorus
• Strain-controlled thermoelectric properties of phosphorene hetero-bilayers
• Vibrational Properties of a Naturally Occurring Semiconducting van der Waals heterostructure