Fast and broadband photoresponse of few-layer black phosphorus field-effect transistors

Abstract

Few-layer black phosphorus, a new elemental 2D material recently isolated by mechanical exfoliation, is a high-mobility layered semiconductor with a direct bandgap that is predicted to strongly depend on the number of layers, from 0.35 eV (bulk) to 2.0 eV (single-layer). Therefore, black phosphorus is an appealing candidate for tunable photodetection from the visible to the infrared part of the spectrum. We study the photoresponse of field-effect transistors (FETs) made of few-layer black phosphorus (3 nm to 8 nm thick), as a function of excitation wavelength, power and frequency. In the dark state, the black phosphorus FETs can be tuned both in hole and electron doping regimes allowing for ambipolar operation. We measure mobilities in the order of 100 cm2/V s and current ON/OFF ratio larger than 103. Upon illumination, the black phosphorus transistors show response to excitation wavelengths from the visible up to 940 nm and rise time of about 1 ms, demonstrating broadband and fast detection. The responsivity reaches 4.8 mA/W and it could be drastically enhanced by engineering a detector based on a PN junction. The ambipolar behavior coupled to the fast and broadband photodetection make few-layer black phosphorus a promising 2D material for photodetection across the visible and near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

4 figures main text, 6 figures supporting information

References in corpus (5)

• Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
• Two Dimensional Atomic Crystals
• Large and tunable photo-thermoelectric effect in single-layer MoS2
• Electron-hole transport and photovoltaic effect in gated MoS2 Schottky junctions
• Fast and efficient photodetection in nanoscale quantum-dot junctions

Cited by in corpus (89)

• 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures
• Two-Dimensional Material Nanophotonics
• Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: Synthesis, Transport Properties and Electronic Applications
• Effective Passivation of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus Transistors against Ambient Degradation
• The Renaissance of Black Phosphorus
• Broadband Linear-Dichroic Photodetector in a Black Phosphorus Vertical p-n Junction
• Black Phosphorus-Monolayer MoS2 van der Waals Heterojunction P-N Diode
• Photocurrent generation with two-dimensional van der Waals semiconductors
• Waveguide-integrated black phosphorus photodetector with high responsivity and low dark current
• Environmental instability of few-layer black phosphorus
• Layer-dependent Band Alignment and Work Function of Few-Layer Phosphorene
• Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating
• Solvent Exfoliation of Electronic-Grade, Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus
• Quasiparticle band structure and tight-binding model for single- and bilayer black phosphorus
• Phosphorene nanoribbons, nanotubes and van der Waals multilayers
• Oxygen defects in phosphorene
• Accessing the transport properties of pristine few-layer black phosphorus by van der Waals passivation in inert atmosphere
• High quality sandwiched black phosphorus heterostructure and its quantum oscillations
• Electrical characterization of fully encapsulated ultra thin black phosphorus-based heterostructures with graphene contacts
• Strain Engineering for Phosphorene: The Potential Application as a Photocatalyst
• Toward Air-Stable Multilayer Phosphorene Thin-Films and Transistors
• Access and in situ Growth of Phosphorene-Precursor Black Phosphorus
• Tuning of the electronic and optical properties of single layer black phosphorus by strain
• In Situ Thermal Decomposition of Exfoliated Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus
• Co-existence of size-dependent and size-independent thermal conductivities in single layer black phosphorus
• Origin of photoresponse in black phosphorus photo-transistors
• Phosphorene oxides: bandgap engineering of phosphorene by oxidation
• Modulation of electronic and mechanical properties of phosphorene through strain
• Observation of Low-frequency Interlayer Breathing Modes in Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• Phosphorene Oxide: Stability and electronic properties of a novel 2D material
• Edge effects on the electronic properties of phosphorene nanoribbons
• Electrons and holes in phosphorene
• Dynamical Evolution of Anisotropic Response in Black Phosphorus under Ultrafast Photoexcitation
• Excitons in anisotropic 2D semiconducting crystals
• Landau levels and magneto-transport property of monolayer phosphorene
• Thermoelectric power of bulk black-phosphorus
• Low-Symmetry Two-Dimensional Materials for Electronic and Photonic Applications
• Black Phosphorus Nanoelectromechanical Resonators Vibrating at Very High Frequencies
• Electrical contacts to monolayer black Phosphorus: a first principles investigation
• Franckeite: a naturally occurring van der Waals heterostructure
• Auxetic Nanomaterials: Recent Progress and Future Development
• The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2-Dimensional Materials
• Anisotropic exciton Stark shift in black phosphorus
• Field Effect Optoelectronic Modulation of Quantum-Confined Carriers in Black Phosphorus
• Temporal and Thermal Stability of Al2O3-passivated Phosphorene MOSFETs
• Effects of extrinsic point defects in phosphorene: B, C, N, O and F Adatoms
• Electronic and optical properties of bilayer blue phosphorus
• Thermal Conduction in Single-Layer Black Phosphorus: Highly Anisotropic?
• Mid-infrared time-resolved photoconduction in black phosphorus
• Inversion Domain Boundary Induced Stacking and Bandstructure Diversity in Bilayer MoSe2
• Thickness Engineered Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors based on Phosphorene
• A Perspective on Recent Advances in Phosphorene Functionalization and its Application in Devices
• Tunable linearity of high-performance vertical dual-gate vdW phototransistor
• Performance Enhancement of Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors by Chemical Doping
• Environmental Effects in Mechanical Properties of Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• New strategy for black phosphorus crystal growth through ternary clathrate
• NaSn2As2: An Exfoliatable Layered van der Waals Zintl Phase
• Anisotropic buckling of few-layer black phosphorus
• The electronic origin of shear-induced direct to indirect gap transition and anisotropy diminution in phosphorene
• Mechanical Properties of Phosphorene Nanotubes: A Density Functional Tight-Binding Study
• Engineering the optoelectronic properties of MoS2 photodetectors through reversible noncovalent functionalization
• Performance analysis of photodetectors based on 2D materials and heterostructures
• Two-dimensional Platinum Diselenide Waveguide-Integrated Infrared Photodetectors
• Mechanical and liquid phase exfoliation of cylindrite: a natural van der Waals superlattice with intrinsic magnetic interactions
• Anisotropic effects in two-dimensional materials
• Gate-tunable Photoresponse Time in BlackPhosphorus-MoS2Heterojunctions
• Aharonov-Bohm effect in monolayer black phosphorus (phosphorene) nanorings
• Simulated scanning tunneling microscopy images of few-layer-phosphorus capped by graphene and hexagonal boron nitride monolayers
• Crystallographic Characterization of Black Phosphorene and Its Application in Nanostructures
• Anisotropic Charge Carrier and Coherent Acoustic Phonon Dynamics of Black Phosphorus Studied by Transient Absorption Microscopy
• Chemical scissors cut phosphorene nanostructures and their novel electronic properties
• Optical third harmonic generation in black phosphorus
• Electronic Self-passivation of Single Vacancy in Black Phosphorus via a Controlled Ionization
• Towards High-Performance Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus Optoelectronic Devices: the Role of Metal Contacts
• Edge and sublayer degrees of freedom for phosphorene nanoribbons with twofold-degenerate edge bands via electric field
• Locally Phase-Engineered MoTe${}_2$ for Near-Infrared Photodetectors
• Visible Out-of-plane Polarized Luminescence and Electronic Resonance from Black Phosphorus
• Direct Investigation of the Birefringent Optical Properties of Black Phosphorus with Picosecond Interferometry
• Approaching the Intrinsic Properties of Moiré Structures Using Atomic Force Microscopy Ironing
• Broadband photoresponse arising from photo-bolometric effect in quasi-one-dimensional Ta2Ni3Se8
• High-efficiency photoelectric detector based on a p-n homojunction of monolayer black phosphorus
• Semimetal-Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Photodetectors for Wafer-Scale Ultraviolet Photonics
• Nonmonotonic band gap evolution in bent phosphorene nanosheets
• In-Plane Anisotropy-Driven Directional Charge Transport in van der Waals p-n Heterojunction
• Cross-Examination of Photoinitiated Carrier and Structural Dynamics of Black Phosphorus at Elevated Fluences
• Enhanced thermoelectric properties in phosphorene nanorings
• Anisotropy engineering edge magnetism in zigzag honeycomb nanoribbons
• Efficiency of band edge optical transitions of 2D monolayer materials: A high-throughput computational study
• Low-frequency interlayer phonon dynamics and photoinduced terahertz absorption in black phosphorus