Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: Synthesis, Transport Properties and Electronic Applications

Abstract

Phosphorus is one of the most abundant elements preserved in earth, constructing with a fraction of ~0.1% of the earth crust. In general, phosphorus has several allotropes. The two most commonly seen allotropes, white and red phosphorus, are widely used in explosives and safety matches. In addition, black phosphorus, though rarely mentioned, is a layered semiconductor and have great potentials in optical and electronic applications. Remarkably, this layered material can be reduced to one single atomic layer in the vertical direction owing to the van der Waals structure, known as phosphorene, where the physical properties can be tremendously different from its bulk counterpart. In this review article, we trace back to the 100 years research history on black phosphorus from the synthesis to material properties, and extend the topic from black phosphorus to phosphorene. The physical and transport properties are highlighted, aiming at further applications in electronic and optoelectronics devices.

Invited review article published by Chemical Society Review (2014)

References in corpus (12)

• High Performance Single Layered WSe2 p-FETs with Chemically Doped Contacts
• Integrated Circuits Based on Bilayer MoS2 Transistors
• Fast and broadband photoresponse of few-layer black phosphorus field-effect transistors
• Strain-Engineering Anisotropic Electrical Conductance of Phosphorene and Few-Layer Black Phosphorus
• Black Phosphorus-Monolayer MoS2 van der Waals Heterojunction P-N Diode
• Semiconducting layered blue phosphorus: A computational study
• Strong interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures built from single-layer chalcogenides
• Channel Length Scaling of MoS2 MOSFETs
• Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating
• Phase coexistence and metal-insulator transition in few-layer phosphorene: A computational study
• Plasma-assisted fabrication of monolayer phosphorene and its Raman characterization
• Performance limits projection of black phosphorous field-effect transistors

Cited by in corpus (38)

• The Renaissance of Black Phosphorus
• Toward Air-Stable Multilayer Phosphorene Thin-Films and Transistors
• The Electronic Properties of Phosphorene/Graphene and Phosphorene/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructures
• Tuning of the electronic and optical properties of single layer black phosphorus by strain
• Controlled Growth of a Large-Size 2D Selenium Nanosheet and Its Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications
• Auxetic Black Phosphorus: A 2D Material with Negative Poisson's Ratio
• In Situ Thermal Decomposition of Exfoliated Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus
• Post Graphene 2D Chemistry: The Emerging Field of Molybdenum Disulfide and Black Phosphorus Functionalization
• Observation of Low-frequency Interlayer Breathing Modes in Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• Thermoelectric power of bulk black-phosphorus
• High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of $\beta$-GeSe - A Semiconductor with Six-Rings in an Uncommon Boat Conformation
• Anisotropic exciton Stark shift in black phosphorus
• Field Effect Optoelectronic Modulation of Quantum-Confined Carriers in Black Phosphorus
• Thermoelectric transport in monolayer phosphorene
• Performance Enhancement of Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors by Chemical Doping
• Anisotropic buckling of few-layer black phosphorus
• Interlayer Quasi-Bonding Interactions in 2D Layered Materials: A Classification According to the Occupancy of Involved Energy Bands
• Aharonov-Bohm effect in monolayer black phosphorus (phosphorene) nanorings
• Control of spintronic and electronic properties of bimetallic and vacancy-ordered vanadium carbide MXenes via surface functionalization
• Giant magnetoresistance and anomalous transport in phosphorene-based multilayers with noncollinear magnetization
• Novel polystyrene-based nanocomposites by phosphorene dispersion
• Kinetics-Limited Two-Step Growth of van der Waals Puckered Honeycomb Sb Monolayer
• Strain-induced Weyl and Dirac states and direct-indirect gap transitions in group-V materials
• Gate induced monolayer behavior in twisted bilayer black phosphorus
• Straintronics in Phosphorene: Tensile vs Shear Strains and Their Combinations for Manipulating the Band Gap
• Direct Investigation of the Birefringent Optical Properties of Black Phosphorus with Picosecond Interferometry
• Observation of A${}_g^1$ Raman mode splitting in few layers black phosphorus encapsulated with hexagonal boron nitride
• Berry Curvature Dipole and its Strain Engineering in Layered Phosphorene
• Hydrostatic pressure control of the spin-orbit proximity effect, spin relaxation, and thermoelectricity in a phosphorene-WSe${}_2$ heterostructure
• BP_5 Monolayer with Multiferroicity and Negative Poisson's Ratio: A Prediction by Global Optimization Method
• Spin-orbit coupling effects in single-layer phosphorene
• Faraday rotation and transmittance as markers of topological phase transitions in 2D materials
• Proximity-enabled control of spin-orbit coupling in phosphorene symmetrically and asymmetrically encapsulated by WSe${}_2$ monolayers
• Bloch dynamics in inversion symmetry broken monolayer phosphorene
• Spectral responsivity and photoconductive gain in thin film black phosphorus photodetectors
• Moiré spintronics: Emergent phenomena, material realization and machine learning accelerating discovery
• Quantization Phenomena of critical Hamiltonians in 2D systems
• Optoelectronic characteristics and application of black phosphorus and its analogs