Colloquium: Spintronics in graphene and other two-dimensional materials

Abstract

After the first unequivocal demonstration of spin transport in graphene (Tombros et al., 2007), surprisingly at room temperature, it was quickly realized that this novel material was relevant for both fundamental spintronics and future applications. Over the decade since, exciting results have made the field of graphene spintronics blossom, and a second generation of studies has extended to new two-dimensional (2D) compounds. This Colloquium reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances on electronic spin transport in graphene and related 2D materials, focusing on emergent phenomena in van der Waals heterostructures and the new perspectives provided by them. These phenomena include proximity-enabled spin-orbit effects, the coupling of electronic spin to light, electrical tunability, and 2D magnetism.

arXiv comment30 pages, 12 figures

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• Electron spin relaxation in graphene: the role of the substrate
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• Effective lattice Hamiltonian for monolayer MoS2 : Tailoring electronic structure with perpendicular electric and magnetic fields
• Charge-to-Spin Conversion by the Rashba-Edelstein Effect in 2D van der Waals Heterostructures up to Room Temperature
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• Spin transport in graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
• Spin-orbit coupling in hydrogenated graphene
• Model spin-orbit coupling Hamiltonians for graphene systems
• Electrical Detection of Spin Accumulation at a Ferromagnet-Semiconductor Interface
• Electrons and holes in phosphorene
• Origin and magnitude of 'designer' spin-orbit interaction in graphene on semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides
• Tunable spin-orbit coupling and symmetry-protected edge states in graphene/WS${}_2$
• Spin-valve Effect in NiFe/MoS2/NiFe Junctions
• Electronic spin drift in graphene field effect transistors
• Proximity effects in bilayer graphene on monolayer WSe${}_2$: Field-effect spin-valley locking, spin-orbit valve, and spin transistor
• Unipolar spin diodes and transistors
• Graphene-Passivated Nickel as an Oxidation-Resistant Electrode for Spintronics
• Spin Transport and Relaxation in Graphene
• Intrinsic spin-orbit coupling gap and the evidence of a topological state in graphene
• Strong electron-hole symmetric Rashba spin-orbit coupling in graphene/monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
• Theory of spin-polarized transport in semiconductor heterojunctions: Proposal for spin injection and detection in silicon
• Gate-tunable black phosphorus spin valve with nanosecond spin lifetimes
• Optimal charge-to-spin conversion in graphene on transition metal dichalcogenides
• Magnetism in Semiconducting Molybdenum Dichalcogenides
• Theory of spin-orbit coupling in bilayer graphene
• Spintronics with graphene
• Elliot-Yafet mechanism in graphene
• Bias induced up to 100% spin-injection and detection polarizations in ferromagnet/bilayer-hBN/graphene/hBN heterostructures
• Spin Hall effect and Weak Antilocalization in Graphene/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures
• Extrinsic spin Hall effect induced by resonant skew scattering in graphene
• Pseudospin-driven spin relaxation mechanism in graphene
• Magnetoresistive junctions based on epitaxial graphene and hexagonal boron nitride
• z/-z Symmetry of spin-orbit coupling and weak localization in graphene
• Momentum dependence of spin-orbit interaction effects in single-layer and multi-layer transition metal dichalcogenides
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• Spin-resolved scattering through spin-orbit nanostructures in graphene
• Defect-mediated spin relaxation and dephasing in graphene
• Spin Transport in Hydrogenated Graphene
• Optospintronics in graphene via proximity coupling
• Self-Consistent Screening Approximation for Flexible Membranes: Application to Graphene
• Spin-orbit coupling in a graphene bilayer and in graphite
• Controlling the efficiency of spin injection into graphene by carrier drift
• Thermoelectric spin voltage in graphene
• Spin-orbit coupling in elemental two-dimensional materials
• Spin Hall Effect and Origins of Nonlocal Resistance in Adatom-Decorated Graphene
• Electron spin relaxation in graphene with random Rashba field: Comparison of D'yakonov-Perel' and Elliott-Yafet--like mechanisms
• Dynamically-generated pure spin current in single-layer graphene
• Spin inversion in graphene spin valves by gate-tunable magnetic proximity effect at one-dimensional contacts
• Spin-dependent Seebeck effect and spin caloritronics in magnetic graphene
• Quantum spin Hall states in graphene interacting with WS${}_2$ or WSe${}_2$
• Electrical spin injection, transport, and detection in graphene-hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals heterostructures: progress and perspectives
• Electronic transport in graphene-based heterostructures
• Rashba and intrinsic spin-orbit interactions in biased bilayer graphene
• Electron spin relaxation due to D'yakonov-Perel' and Elliot-Yafet mechanisms in monolayer MoS${}_2$: Role of intravalley and intervalley processes
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• Observation of spin-valley coupling induced large spin lifetime anisotropy in bilayer graphene
• Gate-Tunable Reversible Rashba-Edelstein Effect in a Few-Layer Graphene/2H-TaS2 Heterostructure at Room Temperature
• Experimental Demonstration of XOR Operation in Graphene Magnetologic Gates at Room Temperature
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• Spin-orbit coupling in fluorinated graphene
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• Enhancement of spin relaxation time in hydrogenated graphene spin valve devices
• Covariant conservation laws and the spin Hall effect in Dirac-Rashba systems
• Giant Spin-Hall Effect induced by Zeeman Interaction in Graphene
• Neutral-current Hall effects in disordered graphene
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• Scattering theory of spin-orbit active adatoms on graphene
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• Spin-orbit coupling and broken spin degeneracy in multilayer graphene
• Spin injection and perpendicular spin transport in graphite nanostructures
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• Direct coupling between charge current and spin polarization by extrinsic mechanisms in graphene
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• Nonlocal Spin Dynamics in the Crossover from Diffusive to Ballistic Transport
• Resonant scattering by magnetic impurities as a model for spin relaxation in bilayer graphene
• Observation of spin-charge conversion in CVD-grown single-layer graphene
• Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene with Interface-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Nonlinear interaction of spin and charge currents in graphene
• Intrinsic spin-orbit interactions in flat and curved graphene nanoribbons
• Rashba spin-orbit-interaction-based quantum pump in graphene
• Absence of hyperfine effects in ${}^{13}$C-graphene spin valve devices
• Rashba spin-orbit interaction in graphene armchair nanoribbons
• Optical spin injection in graphene with Rashba spin-orbit interaction
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• The gate-tunable strong and fragile topology of multilayer-graphene on a transition metal dichalcogenide
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• Interplay between symmetry and spin-orbit coupling in graphene nanoribbons
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Cited by in corpus (152)

• Van der Waals heterostructures for spintronics and opto-spintronics
• Twist-angle dependent proximity induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene/transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
• Review on thermoelectric properties of transition metal dichalcogenides
• Gate-Tunable Reversible Rashba-Edelstein Effect in a Few-Layer Graphene/2H-TaS2 Heterostructure at Room Temperature
• Pure Bulk Orbital and Spin Photocurrent in Two-Dimensional Ferroelectric Materials
• Long-range nontopological edge currents in charge-neutral graphene
• Bell-state generation for spin qubits via dissipative coupling
• Charge-to-spin conversion in twisted graphene/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Applications
• Swapping Exchange and Spin-Orbit Coupling in 2D van der Waals Heterostructures
• Intrinsic Nonlinear Hall Detection of the Néel Vector for Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
• T-carbon: experiments, properties, derivatives and potential applications
• Prediction of protected band edge states and dielectric tunable quasiparticle and excitonic properties of monolayer MoSi${}_2$N${}_4$
• Determining spin-orbit coupling in graphene by quasiparticle interference imaging
• Dative epitaxy of commensurate monocrystalline covalent-van der Waals moiré supercrystal
• Edge Disorder in Bottom-Up Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons: Implications for Magnetism and Quantum Electronic Transport
• Twist Angle Controlled Collinear Edelstein Effect in van der Waals Heterostructures
• Multifunctional Spin Logic Gates In Graphene Spin Circuits
• Correlated Phases in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene
• Chiral phonons in honeycomb sublattice of layered CoSn-like compounds
• Ballistic transport spectroscopy of spin-orbit-coupled bands in monolayer graphene on WSe${}_2$
• Highly anisotropic spin transport in ultrathin black phosphorus
• Strong manipulation of the valley splitting upon twisting and gating in MoSe${}_2$/CrI${}_3$ and WSe${}_2$/CrI${}_3$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Bilayer graphene encapsulated within monolayers of WS${}_2$ or Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$: Tunable proximity spin-orbit or exchange coupling
• Ab initio Ultrafast Spin Dynamics in Solids
• Spin-orbit proximity in MoS${}_2$/bilayer graphene heterostructures
• Hydrogen Atoms on Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons: Chemistry and Magnetism Meet at the Edge
• Pulsed-gate spectroscopy of single-electron spin states in bilayer graphene quantum dots
• Experimental observation of spin-split energy dispersion in high-mobility single-layer graphene/WSe2 heterostructures
• Spin-valley polarized edge states and quantum anomalous Hall states controlled by side potential in 2D honeycomb lattices
• Spin Manipulation by Giant Valley-Zeeman Spin-Orbit Field in Atom-Thick WSe2
• A seamless graphene spin valve based on proximity to van der Waals magnet Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Jacutingaite-family: a class of topological materials
• Imprinting Tunable $\pi$-Magnetism in Graphene Nanoribbons via Edge Extensions
• Spontaneous Valley Spirals in Magnetically Encapsulated Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• Does delta-$T$ noise probe quantum statistics?
• Van der Waals Magnetic Electrode Transfer for Two-Dimensional Spintronic Devices
• Tuneable spin injection in high-quality graphene with one-dimensional contacts
• Orbitronics in Two-dimensional Materials
• Beyond Graphene: Low-Symmetry and Anisotropic 2D Materials
• Nonreciprocal surface magnetoelastic dynamics
• Theoretical design of all-carbon networks with intrinsic magnetism
• Theory of tunneling spectra for a few-electron bilayer graphene quantum dot
• Orbital Hall effect in mesoscopic devices
• Giant Spin Lifetime Anisotropy and Spin-Valley Locking in Silicene and Germanene from First-Principles Density-Matrix Dynamics
• Moiré Engineering of Spin-Orbit Coupling in Twisted Platinum Diselenide
• Unconventional Spintronics from Chiral Perovskites
• Eight fold quantum Hall phases in a time reversal symmetry broken tight binding model
• Magnetic proximity effect at the interface of two-dimensional materials and magnetic oxide insulators
• Momentum-Space Spin Antivortex and Spin Transport in Monolayer Pb
• Control of charge-spin interconversion in van der Waals heterostructures with chiral charge density waves
• Phase diagrams and edge-state transitions in graphene with spin-orbit coupling and magnetic and pseudomagnetic fields
• Majorana bound states in encapsulated bilayer graphene
• High transport spin polarization in the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe${}_4$GeTe${}_2$
• Gate-tunable spin Hall effect in an all-light-element heterostructure: graphene with copper oxide
• Electric fields and substrates dramatically accelerate spin relaxation in graphene
• Berry curvature-induced local spin polarisation in gated graphene/WTe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Ultralong 100 ns Spin Relaxation Time in Graphite at Room Temperature
• Materials for Quantum Technologies: a Roadmap for Spin and Topology
• Vacancy localization effects on MX2 transition metal dichalcogenides: a systematic ab-initio study
• Synthetic Semimetals with van der Waals Interfaces
• Antiferromagnetic ordering and excitonic pairing in the AA-stacked bilayer graphene
• Ultrafast Momentum-resolved Hot Electron Dynamics in the Two-dimensional Topological Insulator Bismuthene
• Breakdown of topological protection due to non-magnetic edge disorder in two-dimensional materials in the Quantum Spin Hall phase
• Spin-valley collective modes of the electron liquid in graphene
• Spin Hall Effect: Symmetry Breaking, Twisting, and Giant Disorder Renormalization
• Spin Hall and inverse spin galvanic effects in graphene with strong interfacial spin-orbit coupling: a quasi-classical Green's function approach
• DFT2kp: effective kp models from ab-initio data
• Ab initio calculations of spin-nonconserving exciton-phonon scattering in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Effect of proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene mesoscopic billiards
• Tunneling magnetoresistance and spin-valley polarization of aperiodic magnetic silicene superlattices
• Proximity-induced diversified magnetic states and electrically-controllable spin polarization in bilayer graphene: Towards layered spintronics
• Spin Transport in Normal Metal-Ising Superconductor Junction
• Two-dimensional Weyl nodal-line semimetal and antihelical edge states in a modified Kane-Mele model
• Electrically tunable and reversible magnetoelectric coupling in strained bilayer graphene
• Proximity-enhanced valley Zeeman splitting at the WS${}_2$/graphene interface
• Lévy flight for electrons in graphene in the presence of regions with enhanced spin-orbit coupling
• Transverse Josephson diode effect in tilted Dirac systems
• Magnetoresistance oscillations in vertical junctions of 2D antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrPS${}_4$
• Quarter-Metal Phases in Multilayer Graphene: Ising-XY and Annular Lifshitz Transitions
• Impurity States and Indirect Exchange Interaction in Irradiated Graphene
• Moire-enabled topological superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
• Theory of weak localization in graphene with spin-orbit interaction
• Room temperature nonlocal detection of charge-spin interconversion in a topological insulator
• An effective spin model on the honeycomb lattice for the description of magnetic properties in two-dimensional Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$
• Charge-induced artifacts in non-local spin transport measurements: How to prevent spurious voltage signals
• Electric-field independent spin-orbit coupling gap in hBN-encapsulated bilayer graphene
• Magnon dispersion and spin transport in CrCl${}_3$ bilayers under different strain-induced magnetic states
• Charge-pseudospin coupled diffusion in semi-Dirac graphene: pseudospin assisted valley transport
• Theory of spin-charge-coupled transport in proximitized graphene: An SO(5) algebraic approach
• Generating extreme quantum scattering in graphene with machine learning
• Spin-orbit coupling effects in single-layer phosphorene
• Diffusive transport in the lowest Landau level of disordered 2d semimetals: the mean-square-displacement approach
• Magnons from time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory and nonempirical Hubbard functionals
• Spin Hall angle in single-layer graphene
• Weak Localisation Driven by Pseudospin-Spin Entanglement
• Edge states in proximitized graphene ribbons and flakes in a perpendicular magnetic field: emergence of lone pseudohelical pairs and pure spin-current states
• Bias voltage controlled inversions of tunneling magnetoresistance in van der Waals heterostructures Fe3GaTe2/hBN/Fe3GaTe2
• Tuning magnetism in graphene nanoribbons via strain and adatoms
• Ferromagnetic Negative Charge-Transfer Insulator: from Theoretical Proposal to Material Realization
• Reduction scheme for coupled Dirac systems
• Enhanced spin injection in molecularly functionalized graphene via ultra-thin oxide barriers
• A High-Performance Implementation of Atomistic Spin Dynamics Simulations on x86 CPUs
• Topological Phases in Fractals: Local Spin Chern Marker in the Sierpinski carpet Kane-Mele-Rashba Model
• Electric field effect on electron gas spins in two-dimensional magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling
• Rashba spin splitting based on trilayer graphene systems
• Exploring room temperature spin transport under band gap opening in bilayer graphene
• Origins of Valley Current Reversal in Partially Overlapped Graphene Layers
• Valley-dependent giant orbital moments and transport feature in rhombohedral graphene multilayers
• Spin relaxation, Josephson effect and Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in superconducting bilayer graphene
• Topological characterization of modified Kane-Mele-Rashba models via local spin Chern marker
• Transport Signatures of Radial Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling at Ferromagnet/Superconductor Interfaces
• Spin and lattice dynamics of a van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPSe${}_3$
• Nonlinear analog spintronics with van der Waals heterostructures
• Terahertz Spin-Light Coupling in Proximitized Dirac Materials
• Spin waves in doped graphene: a time-dependent spin-density-functional approach to collective excitations in paramagnetic two-dimensional Dirac fermion gases
• Proximity-induced magnetization in graphene: Towards efficient spin gating
• Graphene bilayer and trilayer Moiré lattice with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
• Spin polarised quantised transport via one-dimensional nanowire-graphene contacts
• Large spin signal and spin rectification in folded-bilayer graphene
• Magnetization dependent tunneling conductance of ferromagnetic barriers
• Topological phases, van Hove singularities, and spin texture in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene in the presence of proximity-induced spin-orbit couplings
• Acoustic plasmons in graphene sandwiched between two metallic slabs
• Dirac-Rashba fermions and quantum valley Hall insulators in graphene-based 2D heterostructures
• Spin-polarized superconducting phase in semiconducting system with next-nearest-neighbor hopping on the honeycomb lattice
• Magneto-thermoelectricty of anisotropic two-dimensional materials
• A roadmap for the design of four-terminal spin valves and the extraction of spin diffusion length
• Emergence of half-metallic ferromagnetism and valley polarization in transition metal substituted WSTe monolayer
• Boosting proximity spin orbit coupling in graphene/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures via hydrostatic pressure
• Thermal dissipation of the quantum spin Hall edge states in HgTe/CdTe quantum well
• Persistent spin texture preserved by local symmetry in graphene/WTe${}_2$ heterostructure
• Ion-Implanted ${}^8$Li Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
• Spin and Magnetism in 2D Materials
• Curvature-induced valley-dependent spin-orbit interaction
• Moiré spintronics: Emergent phenomena, material realization and machine learning accelerating discovery
• Predicting and understanding diffusion lengths and lifetimes in solids via a many-body \textit{ab initio} method: The role of coupled dynamics
• Coupled system of Dirac fermions with different Fermi velocities via composites of SUSY operators
• Hanle effect in current induced spin orientation
• Effects of spin-orbit coupling in a valley chiral kagomé network
• Designer quantum matter in van der Waals heterostructures
• Layered Opposite Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling in Bilayer Graphene: Loss of Spin Chirality, Symmetry Breaking and Topological Transition
• Radial Rashba spin-orbit fields in commensurate twisted transition-metal dichalcogenide bilayers
• Magnetism of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
• Study of gold and bismuth electrical contacts to a MoS${}_2$ monolayer
• Moiré Folded Helical States at the Interfaces of Heterostructures
• Activation of magnetic moments in CVD-grown graphene by annealing
• Spin-orbit coupled spin-boson model : A variational analysis
• Connection between the semiconductor--superconductor transition and the spin-polarized superconducting phase in the honeycomb lattice
• Gate tunable spin-charge interconversion in a graphene/ReS${}_2$ heterostructure up to room temperature
• Gate-tunable charge-spin interconversion in graphene/heavy-metal heterostructures
• Thickness-dependent magnon spin transport in antiferromagnetic insulators: Crossover from quasi-three-dimensional to quasi-two-dimensional regimes
• Chiral Bloch states in single layer graphene with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: Spectrum and spin current density