Spin transport in graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures

Abstract

Since its discovery, graphene has been a promising material for spintronics: its low spin-orbit coupling, negligible hyperfine interaction, and high electron mobility are obvious advantages for transporting spin information over long distances. However, such outstanding transport properties also limit the capability to engineer active spintronics, where strong spin-orbit coupling is crucial for creating and manipulating spin currents. To this end, transition metal dichalcogenides, which have larger spin-orbit coupling and good interface matching, appear to be highly complementary materials for enhancing the spin-dependent features of graphene while maintaining its superior charge transport properties. In this review, we present the theoretical framework and the experiments performed to detect and characterize the spin-orbit coupling and spin currents in graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Specifically, we will concentrate on recent measurements of Hanle precession, weak antilocalization and the spin Hall effect, and provide a comprehensive theoretical description of the interconnection between these phenomena.

arXiv comment21 pages, 11 figures. This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Nano Letters, copyright\c{opyright}American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2018/CS/C7CS00864C

References in corpus (108)

• Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
• Van der Waals heterostructures
• Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Graphene
• Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene
• Berry Phase Effects on Electronic Properties
• Electronic spin transport and spin precession in single graphene layers at room temperature
• Micrometer-scale ballistic transport in encapsulated graphene at room temperature
• Graphene Spintronics
• Observation of Electron-Hole Puddles in Graphene Using a Scanning Single Electron Transistor
• Magnetism in Graphene Induced by Single-Atom Defects
• Symmetry and magnitude of spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures
• Hopping Transport through Defect-induced Localized States in Molybdenum Disulfide
• The electronic properties of bilayer graphene
• Intrinsic and Rashba Spin-orbit Interactions in Graphene Sheets
• Three-band tight-binding model for monolayers of group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides
• Spin-orbit coupling in curved graphene, fullerenes, nanotubes, and nanotube caps
• Weak localisation magnetoresistance and valley symmetry in graphene
• Semiconductor Spintronics
• Origin of Spatial Charge Inhomogeneity in Graphene
• Atomic-scale control of graphene magnetism using hydrogen atoms
• Band-structure topologies of graphene: spin-orbit coupling effects from first principles
• Recent progress in the assembly of nanodevices and van der Waals heterostructures by deterministic placement of 2D materials
• Spin dynamics in semiconductors
• Spin-Orbit Proximity Effect in Graphene
• Impurity induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene
• Electronic Properties of Graphene Encapsulated with Different Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals
• Strong interface-induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene on WS2
• Spin Relaxation in Single Layer and Bilayer Graphene
• Weak antilocalization in epitaxial graphene: evidence for chiral electrons
• High Responsivity, Large-Area Graphene/MoS2 Flexible Photodetectors
• Ballistic transport exceeding 28 μm in CVD grown graphene
• Trivial and inverted Dirac bands, and emergence of quantum spin Hall states in graphene on transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Spin-Orbit-Mediated Spin Relaxation in Graphene
• Spin lifetimes exceeding 12 nanoseconds in graphene non-local spin valve devices
• On resonant scatterers as a factor limiting carrier mobility in graphene
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy of monolayer graphene on SiO2
• Strongly anisotropic spin relaxation in graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures at room temperature
• Electron spin relaxation in graphene: the role of the substrate
• Linear scaling between momentum and spin scattering in graphene
• Towards wafer scale fabrication of graphene based spin valve devices
• Diffuse transport and spin accumulation in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas
• Long Distance Spin Transport in High Mobility Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Giant Spin Lifetime Anisotropy in Graphene Induced by Proximity Effects
• Anisotropic spin relaxation in graphene
• Electronic spin transport in graphene field effect transistors
• Large Proximity-Induced Spin Lifetime Anisotropy in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Graphene Heterostructures
• A two-dimensional spin field-effect transistor
• Spin relaxation mechanism in graphene: resonant scattering by magnetic impurities
• Controlling spin relaxation in hexagonal BN-encapsulated graphene with a transverse electric field
• Spin-orbit coupling in hydrogenated graphene
• Model spin-orbit coupling Hamiltonians for graphene systems
• Localization and Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition in Disordered Graphene
• Tunable spin-orbit coupling and symmetry-protected edge states in graphene/WS${}_2$
• Nanosecond spin lifetimes in single- and few-layer graphene-hBN heterostructures at room temperature
• Electronic Transport in Chemical Vapor Deposited Graphene Synthesized on Cu: Quantum Hall Effect and Weak Localization
• Proximity effects in bilayer graphene on monolayer WSe${}_2$: Field-effect spin-valley locking, spin-orbit valve, and spin transistor
• Spin transport in high quality suspended graphene devices
• Large spin relaxation anisotropy and valley-Zeeman spin-orbit coupling in WSe2/Gr/hBN heterostructures
• Nonlocal Charge Transport Mediated by Spin Diffusion in the Spin-Hall Effect Regime
• Strong electron-hole symmetric Rashba spin-orbit coupling in graphene/monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
• Inelastic scattering in a monolayer graphene sheet; a weak-localization study
• Optimal charge-to-spin conversion in graphene on transition metal dichalcogenides
• Elliot-Yafet mechanism in graphene
• Strong Spin-Orbit Interaction Induced in Graphene by Monolayer WS${}_2$
• Spin Hall effect and Weak Antilocalization in Graphene/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures
• Real-space calculation of the conductivity tensor for disordered topological matter
• Extrinsic spin Hall effect induced by resonant skew scattering in graphene
• Pseudospin-driven spin relaxation mechanism in graphene
• z/-z Symmetry of spin-orbit coupling and weak localization in graphene
• Spin Proximity Effects in Graphene/Topological Insulator Heterostructures
• Determination of the spin-lifetime anisotropy in graphene using oblique spin precession
• Universal Magnetic Properties of sp${}^3$-type Defects in Covalently Functionalized Graphene
• Contact induced spin relaxation in Hanle spin precession measurements
• Defect-mediated spin relaxation and dephasing in graphene
• Spin Transport in Hydrogenated Graphene
• Spin Dynamics and Relaxation in Graphene Dictated by Electron-hole Puddles
• Crossover from quantum to Boltzmann transport in graphene
• Magnetotransport in heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and graphene
• Role of MgO barriers for spin and charge transport in Co/MgO/graphene non-local spin-valve devices
• Spin Hall Effect and Origins of Nonlocal Resistance in Adatom-Decorated Graphene
• Graphene-WS${}_2$ heterostructures for tunable spin injection and spin transport
• Effects of Dephasing on Spin Lifetime in Ballistic Spin-Orbit Materials
• Covariant conservation laws and the spin Hall effect in Dirac-Rashba systems
• On-Demand Spin-Orbit Interaction from Which-Layer Tunability in Bilayer Graphene
• Neutral-current Hall effects in disordered graphene
• Scattering theory of spin-orbit active adatoms on graphene
• Large room temperature spin-to-charge conversion signals in a few-layer graphene/Pt lateral heterostructure
• Nanosecond spin relaxation times in single layer graphene spin valves with hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barriers
• Spin precession in anisotropic media
• Absence of a transport signature of spin-orbit coupling in graphene with indium adatoms
• Revisiting the measurement of the spin relaxation time in graphene-based devices
• Spin transport in high-mobility graphene on WS${}_2$ substrate with electric-field tunable proximity spin-orbit interaction
• Mass inversion in graphene by proximity to dichalcogenide monolayer
• Multiple Quantum Phases in Graphene with Enhanced Spin-Orbit Coupling: From the Quantum Spin Hall Regime to the Spin Hall Effect and a Robust Metallic State
• Spin-orbit coupling assisted by flexural phonons in graphene
• Effect of contacts on spin lifetime measurements in graphene
• Current-induced spin polarization in graphene due to Rashba spin-orbit interaction
• Electronic states of disordered grain boundaries in graphene prepared by chemical vapor deposition
• Electron spin relaxation in graphene from a microscopic approach: Role of electron-electron interaction
• Contact Induced Spin Relaxation in Graphene Spin Valves with Al2O3 and MgO Tunnel Barriers
• Direct coupling between charge current and spin polarization by extrinsic mechanisms in graphene
• Anisotropic intrinsic spin relaxation in graphene due to flexural distortions
• Kubo-Bastin approach for the spin Hall conductivity of decorated graphene
• Effective Interactions in a Graphene Layer Induced by the Proximity to a Ferromagnet
• Absence of hyperfine effects in ${}^{13}$C-graphene spin valve devices
• Scale-invariant large nonlocality in polycrystalline graphene
• Spin relaxation in corrugated graphene
• Dry-transferred CVD graphene for inverted spin valve devices

Cited by in corpus (89)

• Van der Waals heterostructures for spintronics and opto-spintronics
• Colloquium: Spintronics in graphene and other two-dimensional materials
• Room temperature spin Hall effect in graphene/MoS${}_2$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Charge-to-Spin Conversion by the Rashba-Edelstein Effect in 2D van der Waals Heterostructures up to Room Temperature
• Spin-orbit driven band inversion in bilayer graphene by van der Waals proximity effect
• Point Defects and Localized Excitons in 2D WSe2
• Electrical control of magnetism by electric field and current-induced torques
• Twist-angle dependence of the proximity spin-orbit coupling in graphene on transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Electrical and Thermal Generation of Spin Currents by Magnetic Graphene
• Induced spin-orbit coupling in twisted graphene-TMDC heterobilayers: twistronics meets spintronics
• Magnetic proximity in a van der Waals heterostructure of magnetic insulator and graphene
• Large multi-directional spin-to-charge conversion in low symmetry semimetal MoTe${}_2$ at room temperature
• Linear Scaling Quantum Transport Methodologies
• Twist-angle dependent proximity induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene/transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
• Electrical control of valley-Zeeman spin-orbit coupling-induced spin precession at room temperature
• Canted Spin Texture and Quantum Spin Hall Effect in WTe2
• Gate-Tunable Reversible Rashba-Edelstein Effect in a Few-Layer Graphene/2H-TaS2 Heterostructure at Room Temperature
• Spin-Orbit Interaction Induced in Graphene by Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
• Heterostructures of graphene and hBN: electronic, spin-orbit, and spin relaxation properties from first principles
• Gate tunability of highly efficient spin-to-charge conversion by spin Hall effect in graphene proximitized with WSe${}_2$
• Charge-to-spin conversion in twisted graphene/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Microscopic Theory of Spin Relaxation Anisotropy in Graphene with Proximity-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Ultrathin SnTe films as a route towards all-in-one spintronics devices
• Determining spin-orbit coupling in graphene by quasiparticle interference imaging
• Twist- and gate-tunable proximity spin-orbit coupling, spin relaxation anisotropy, and charge-to-spin conversion in heterostructures of graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Noise-induced backscattering in a quantum-spin-Hall edge
• Twist-angle tunable spin texture in WSe${}_2$/graphene van der Waals heterostructures
• Electrical control of spin and valley in spin-orbit coupled graphene multilayers
• Direct detection of induced magnetic moment and efficient spin-to-charge conversion in graphene/ferromagnetic structures
• Electric-field-tunable valley Zeeman effect in bilayer graphene heterostructures: Realization of the spin-orbit valve effect
• Zeeman-type spin splitting in non-magnetic three-dimensional compounds: Materials prediction and electrical control
• Ballistic transport spectroscopy of spin-orbit-coupled bands in monolayer graphene on WSe${}_2$
• Engineering Proximity Exchange by Twisting: Reversal of Ferromagnetic and Emergence of Antiferromagnetic Dirac Bands in Graphene/Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Graphene on two-dimensional hexagonal BN, AlN, and GaN: Electronic, spin-orbit, and spin relaxation properties
• Highly anisotropic spin transport in ultrathin black phosphorus
• Unconventional charge-to-spin conversions in graphene/MoTe2 van der Waals heterostructures
• Omnidirectional spin-to-charge conversion in graphene/NbSe${}_2$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Spin Hall Effect in Bilayer Graphene Combined with an Insulator up to Room Temperature
• Manipulation of Spin Transport in Graphene/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterobilayers upon Twisting
• Janus Monolayers of Magnetic Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as an All-in-One Platform for Spin-Orbit Torque
• Antiferromagnetic spin valve from heterostructure of two-dimensional hexagonal crystals
• Experimental observation of spin-split energy dispersion in high-mobility single-layer graphene/WSe2 heterostructures
• Emergent correlated phases in rhombohedral trilayer graphene induced by proximity spin-orbit and exchange coupling
• Weak localization in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers and their heterostructures with graphene
• Tunnel-Field-Effect Spin Filter from Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Stanene
• Proximity-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling in Graphene-Bi${}_{1.5}$Sb${}_{0.5}$Te${}_{1.7}$Se${}_{1.3}$ Heterostructures
• Towards fully two-dimensional spintronic devices
• Unambiguous Electrical Detection of Spin-Charge Conversion in Lateral Spin-Valves
• Control of charge-spin interconversion in van der Waals heterostructures with chiral charge density waves
• Observation of time-reversal symmetric Hall effect in graphene-WSe2 heterostructures at room temperature
• Gate-tunable spin Hall effect in an all-light-element heterostructure: graphene with copper oxide
• Swapping exchange and spin-orbit induced correlated phases in proximitized Bernal bilayer graphene
• Robust Zeeman-type band splitting in sliding ferroelectrics
• Influence of interface-induced valley-Zeeman and spin-orbit couplings\\ on transport in graphene-on-WSe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Giant asymmetric proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling in twisted graphene/SnTe heterostructure
• Collective spin modes in Fermi liquids with spin-orbit coupling
• Effect of proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene mesoscopic billiards
• Emergence of Intra-Particle Entanglement and Time-Varying Violation of Bell's Inequality in Dirac Matter
• Valley-controlled transport in graphene/ WSe${}_2$ heterostructures under an off-resonant polarized light
• Stabilizing the inverted phase of a WSe${}_2$/BLG/WSe${}_2$ heterostructure via hydrostatic pressure
• Giant Valley-Polarized Spin Splittings in Magnetized Janus Pt Dichalcogenides
• Landau levels in spin-orbit coupling proximitized graphene: bulk states
• Theory of spin-charge-coupled transport in proximitized graphene: An SO(5) algebraic approach
• Unraveling the Spin-to-Charge Current Conversion Mechanism and Charge Transfer Dynamics at Interface of Graphene/WS${}_2$ Heterostructures at Room Temperature
• Bias dependent spin injection into graphene on YIG through bilayer hBN tunnel barriers
• Gate-tunable spin Hall effect in trilayer graphene/group-IV monochalcogenide van der Waals heterostructures
• Spin Hall angle in single-layer graphene
• Breakdown of the Hebel-Slichter effect in superconducting graphene due to the emergence of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states at magnetic resonant scatterers
• Theory of Spin Injection in Two-dimensional Metals with Proximity-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Spin-orbit interaction enabled electronic Raman scattering from charge collective modes
• Edge states in proximitized graphene ribbons and flakes in a perpendicular magnetic field: emergence of lone pseudohelical pairs and pure spin-current states
• Out-of-plane spin-to-charge conversion at low temperatures in graphene/MoTe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Spin-orbit interaction and snake states in graphene $p$-$n$ junctions
• Terahertz Spin-Light Coupling in Proximitized Dirac Materials
• Ferroelectric switching control of spin current in graphene proximitized by In${}_2$Se${}_3$
• The emergence of interface states in graphene/transition metal dichalcogenides heterostructure with lateral interface
• Large spin signal and spin rectification in folded-bilayer graphene
• Weak localization as probe of spin-orbit-induced spin-split bands in bilayer graphene proximity coupled to WSe${}_2$
• Angular dependence of the interlayer coupling at the interface between two dimensional materials 1T-PtSe${}_2$ and graphene
• Reliability of spin-to-charge conversion measurements in graphene-based lateral spin valves
• Giant Spin Transport Anisotropy in Magnetic Topological Insulators
• Hanle effect in current induced spin orientation
• Persistent spin texture preserved by local symmetry in graphene/WTe${}_2$ heterostructure
• Hanle lineshapes and spin-rotation signatures from in-plane anisotropic spin relaxation in heterogeneous spin devices
• Gate-tunable charge-spin interconversion in graphene/heavy-metal heterostructures
• Gate tunable spin-charge interconversion in a graphene/ReS${}_2$ heterostructure up to room temperature
• Proximity spin-orbit coupling in graphene on alloyed transition metal dichalcogenides
• Valley-Polarized Quantum Anomalous Hall Phase in Bilayer Graphene with Layer-Dependent Proximity Effects
• Zero-field spin resonance in graphene with proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling