Large room temperature spin-to-charge conversion signals in a few-layer graphene/Pt lateral heterostructure

Abstract

Electrical generation and detection of pure spin currents without the need of magnetic materials are key elements for the realization of full electrically controlled spintronic devices. In this framework, achieving a large spin-to-charge conversion signal is crucial, since considerable outputs are needed for plausible applications. Unfortunately, the values obtained so far have been rather low. Here we exploit the spin Hall effect by using Pt, a non-magnetic metal with strong spin-orbit coupling, to generate and detect pure spin currents in a few-layer graphene channel. Furthermore, the outstanding properties of graphene, with long distance spin transport and higher electrical resistivity than metals, allows us to achieve in our graphene/Pt lateral heterostructures the largest spin-to-charge voltage signal at room temperature reported so far in the literature. Our approach opens up exciting opportunities towards the implementation of spin-orbit-based logic circuits and all electrical control of spin information without magnetic field.

11 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Information is included at the end (10 pages, 4 figures). Accepted in Nature Communications

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• Large multi-directional spin-to-charge conversion in low symmetry semimetal MoTe${}_2$ at room temperature
• Observation of Spin Hall Effect in Weyl Semimetal WTe2 at Room Temperature
• Spin-orbit magnetic state readout in scaled ferromagnetic/heavy metal nanostructures
• Gate tunability of highly efficient spin-to-charge conversion by spin Hall effect in graphene proximitized with WSe${}_2$
• Rational design principles for giant spin Hall effect in 5d-transition metal oxides
• Unconventional charge-to-spin conversions in graphene/MoTe2 van der Waals heterostructures
• Temperature-dependent spin-transport and current-induced torques in superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures
• Disentangling spin, anomalous and planar Hall effects in ferromagnetic/heavy metal nanostructures
• Differences in the magnon diffusion length for electrically and thermally driven magnon currents in Y${}_3$Fe${}_5$O${}_{12}$
• Resolving spin currents and spin densities generated by charge-spin interconversion in systems with reduced crystal symmetry
• Scale-invariant large nonlocality in polycrystalline graphene
• Control of charge-spin interconversion in van der Waals heterostructures with chiral charge density waves
• Charge to Spin Conversion in van der Waals Metal NbSe2
• Wideband and on-chip excitation for dynamical spin injection into graphene
• Charge-spin conversion signal in WTe2 van der Waals hybrid devices with a geometrical design
• Emergence of large spin-charge interconversion at an oxidized Cu/W interface
• Room temperature nonlocal detection of charge-spin interconversion in a topological insulator
• Quantification of spin-charge interconversion in highly resistive sputtered Bi${}_x$Se${}_{1-x}$ with non-local spin valves
• Unconventional magnon transport in antiferromagnet NiPS${}_3$ induced by an anisotropic spin-flop transition
• Reliability of spin-to-charge conversion measurements in graphene-based lateral spin valves
• Gate-tunable charge-spin interconversion in graphene/heavy-metal heterostructures
• Angular harmonic Hall voltage and magnetoresistance measurements of Pt/FeCoB and Pt-Ti/FeCoB bilayers for spin Hall conductivity determination
• Ultrafast lattice dynamics and electron-phonon coupling in platinum extracted with a global fitting approach for time-resolved polycrystalline diffraction data
• Optimizing nucleation layers for the integration of ferroelectric HZO on CVD-grown graphene