Symmetry and magnitude of spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures

Abstract

Current-induced spin torques are of great interest to manipulate the orientation of nanomagnets without applying external magnetic fields. They find direct application in non-volatile data storage and logic devices, and provide insight into fundamental processes related to the interdependence between charge and spin transport. Recent demonstrations of magnetization switching induced by in-plane current injection in ferromagnetic heterostructures have drawn attention to a class of spin torques based on orbital-to-spin momentum transfer, which is alternative to pure spin transfer torque (STT) between noncollinear magnetic layers and amenable to more diversified device functions. Due to the limited number of studies, however, there is still no consensus on the symmetry, magnitude, and origin of spin-orbit torques (SOTs). Here we report on the quantitative vector measurement of SOTs in Pt/Co/AlO trilayers using harmonic analysis of the anomalous and planar Hall effects as a function of the applied current and magnetization direction. We provide an all-purpose scheme to measure the amplitude and direction of SOTs for any arbitrary orientation of the magnetization, including corrections due to the interplay of Hall and thermoelectric effects. Based on general space and time inversion symmetry arguments, we show that asymmetric heterostructures allow for two different SOTs having odd and even behavior with respect to magnetization reversal. Our results reveal a scenario that goes beyond established models of the Rashba and spin Hall contributions to SOTs. The even SOT is STT-like but stronger than expected from the spin Hall effect in Pt. The odd SOT is composed of a constant field-like term and an additional component, which is strongly anisotropic and does not correspond to a simple Rashba field.

Supplementary Informations follows Paper in the .pdf file

References in corpus (8)

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• Current-induced domain wall motion in Rashba spin-orbit system
• Current-induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling
• Theory of current-driven magnetization dynamics in inhomogeneous ferromagnets
• Experimental Verification of Comparability between Spin-Orbit and Spin-Diffusion Lengths
• The domain wall spin torque-meter
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• Parametric resonance of spin waves in ferromagnetic nanowires tuned by spin Hall torque
• Effect of magnons on the temperature dependence and anisotropy of spin-orbit torque
• Spin-orbit-torque MRAM: from uniaxial to unidirectional switching
• Parametric mechanism of the magnetization reversal as a low-power recording mechanism for MRAM. Measurement of spin-accumulation-induced in-plane magnetic field in a FeB nanomagnet
• Theory of in-plane current induced spin torque in metal/ferromagnet bilayers
• Uniform magnetization dynamics of a submicron ferromagnetic coin driven by the spin-orbit coupled spin torque
• Strong Spin-Orbit Torque effect on magnetic defects due to topological surface state electrons in Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Detection of field-free magnetization switching through thermoelectric effect in Ta/Pt/Co/Pt with significant spin-orbit torque and competing spin currents
• Magnetoresistance originated from charge-spin conversion in ferromagnet
• Diversified Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida Interactions in a Nonsymmorphic Crystal
• Antiferromagnetic multi-level memory cell
• Effect of crystallinity on spin-orbit torque in 5$\text{d}$ iridium oxide IrO${}_2$
• Electron-magnon spin conversion and magnonic spin pumping in antiferromagnet/heavy metal heterostructure
• Selective multiple domain wall injection using spin-orbit torque
• Investigation of spin orbit torque driven dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures
• Magnetization Dynamics driven by Non-equilibrium Spin-Orbit Coupled Electron Gas
• Alternative understanding of the skyrmion Hall effect based on one-dimensional domain wall motion
• Full Electrical Switching of a Freestanding Ferrimagnetic Metal for Energy-Efficient Bipolar Neuromorphic Computing
• The interfacial nature of proximity induced magnetism and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at the Pt/Co interface
• Cluster magnetic octupole induced out-of-plane spin polarization in antiperovskite antiferromagnet
• Out-of-plane auto-oscillation in spin Hall oscillator with additional polarizer
• Threshold current of field-free perpendicular magnetization switching using anomalous spin-orbit torque
• Localized segregation of gold in ultra-thin Fe films on Au(001)
• Control of spin-orbit torque-driven domain nucleation through geometry in chirally coupled magnetic tracks
• Equilibrium current vortices in rare-earth-doped simple metals
• Current-Induced Instability of a Perpendicular Ferromagnet in Spin Hall Geometry
• Ferromagnetic layer thickness dependence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torques in Pt\Co\AlOx
• Spin-orbit torques in strained PtMnSb from first principles
• Leveraging symmetry for an accurate spin-orbit torques characterization in ferrimagnetic insulators
• Bilinear magnetoresistance in topological insulators: role of magnetic disorder
• Current driven second harmonic domain wall resonance in ferromagnetic metal/ nonmagnetic metal bilayer: a field-free method for spin Hall angle measurements
• Interface control of the magnetic chirality in TaN|CoFeB|MgO heterosctructures
• Alternating Current-induced Interfacial Spin-transfer Torque
• Spin-orbit torque: Moving towards two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
• Reconciling Kubo and Keldysh Approaches to Fermi-Sea-Dependent Nonequilibrium Observables: Application to Spin Hall Current and Spin-Orbit Torque in Spintronics
• Large spin Hall magnetoresistance and its correlation to the spin-orbit torque in W/CoFeB/MgO structures
• Hanle effect in current induced spin orientation
• Odd symmetry planar Hall effect: A method of detecting current-induced in-plane magnetization switching
• Spin Hall torque driven chiral domain walls in magnetic heterostructures
• Anisotropy and Current Control of Magnetization in SrRuO${}_3$ SrTiO${}_3$ Heterostructures for Spin-Memristors
• Cubic-in-magnetization contributions to the magneto-optic Kerr effect investigated for Ni(001) and Ni(111) thin films
• Electronic Impurity Scattering Induced Spin Accumulation in Metallic Thin Films
• Experimental determination of the orientation of tilted magnetic anisotropy by measuring Hall voltage
• Collective spin dynamics under dissipative spin Hall torque
• Oscillatory spin-orbit torque switching induced by field-like torques
• Inductive detection of inverse spin-orbit torques in magnetic heterostructures
• A new route to spin-orbit torque engineering via oxygen manipulation
• Coherent Sub-Nanosecond Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by the Field-like Spin-Orbit Torque without an External Magnetic Field
• Modulation of field-like spin orbit torque in heavy metal / ferromagnet heterostructure
• Large spin-charge interconversion induced by interfacial spin-orbit coupling in a highly conducting all-metallic system
• Charge-to-spin conversion in epitaxial and polycrystalline Bi and Bi/Ag layers
• Spin-Orbit Torque and Magnetization Switching in 2D Ferromagnetic Devices
• Josephson-like magnetic tunnel junction -- transition from classical to quantum regime
• Generating unconventional spin-orbit torques with patterned phase gradients in tungsten thin films
• Deterministic Switching of Perpendicular Ferromagnets by Higher harmonics of Spin-orbit Torque in Noncentrosymmetric Weyl Semimetals
• Current-induced spin-orbit torque on the surface of a transition metal dichalcogenide connected to a two-dimensional ferromagnet CrI${}_3$: Effects of twisting and gating
• Unidirectional magnetoresistance and spin-orbit torque in NiMnSb
• Analytical expression for the harmonic Hall voltages in evaluating spin orbit torques
• Out-of-plane angle resolved second harmonic Hall analysis in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy systems
• Polar and quadratic magneto-optical Kerr effects in nonmagnetic/ferromagnet bilayers for spin-orbit torque measurements
• Spin-orbit torque in Pt/CoNiCo/Pt symmetric devices
• Topological Spin-Orbit Torque in Ferrimagnetic Weyl Semimetal
• Spin structure of Graphene/Pt interface for spin current formation and induced magnetization in deposited (Ni-Fe)-nanodots
• Proximity spin-orbit coupling in graphene on alloyed transition metal dichalcogenides
• Enhanced spin-orbit torque via interface engineering in Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures