Interface enhanced spin-orbit torques and current-induced magnetization switching of Pd/Co/AlO${}_x$ layers

Abstract

Magnetic heterostructures that combine large spin-orbit torque efficiency, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and low resistivity are key to develop electrically-controlled memory and logic devices. Here we report on vector measurements of the current-induced spin orbit torques and magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized Pd/Co/AlO${}_x$ layers as a function of Pd thickness. We find sizeable damping-like (DL) and field-like (FL) torques, of the order of 1~mT per $10^7$~A/cm${}^2$, which have different thickness and magnetization angle dependence. The analysis of the DL torque efficiency per unit current density and electric field using drift-diffusion theory leads to an effective spin Hall angle and spin diffusion length of Pd larger than 0.03 and 7~nm, respectively. The FL SOT includes a significant interface contribution, is larger than estimated using drift-diffusion parameters, and is further strongly enhanced upon rotation of the magnetization from the out-of-plane to the in-plane direction. Finally, taking advantage of the large spin-orbit torques in this system, we demonstrate bipolar magnetization switching of Pd/Co/AlO${}_x$ layers with similar current density as used for Pt/Co layers with comparable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.

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• First Principles Study of Angular Dependence of Spin-Orbit Torque in Pt/Co and Pd/Co Bilayers
• Effects of transition-metal spacers on the spin-orbit torques, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co bilayers
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• Spin-orbit torque generation in NiFe/IrO2 bilayers
• Spin-Orbit Torques in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Ferromagnet Heterostructures
• Strong Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by the Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Cr1-xPtx
• Efficient Switching of 3-Terminal Magnetic Tunnel Junctions by the Giant Spin Hall Effect of ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{85}{\mathrm{Hf}}_{15}$ Alloy
• Current-Induced Magnetization Control in Insulating Ferrimagnetic Garnets
• Magnetic angular position sensor enabled by spin-orbit torque
• Boosting spin-orbit torque efficiency in spin-current generator/magnet/oxide superlattices
• Efficient generation of out-of-plane polarized spin current in polycrystalline heavy metal devices with broken electric symmetries
• Generating superconducting vortices via spin-orbit coupling
• Dynamical amplification of magnetoresistances and Hall currents up to the THz regime
• Quantitative characterization of spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Pt /Co/Ta/BTO heterostructure on the magnetization azimuthal angle dependence
• Bulk and interface spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/MgO thin film structures
• Semi-realistic tight-binding model for spin-orbit torques
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• Spin-orbit torques and their associated effective fields from gigahertz to terahertz
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• Understanding current-driven dynamics of magnetic Néel walls in heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal/oxide trilayers
• Determining complex spin mixing conductance and spin diffusion length from spin pumping experiments in magnetic insulator/heavy metal bilayers
• Advanced method for reliable estimation of the spin-orbit torque efficiency in low coercive ferromagnetic multilayers
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• Elasto-Dynamical Induced Spin and Charge Pumping in Bulk Heavy Metals
• The Role of Self-Torques in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Ferromagnet Bilayers
• Effects of Interfacial Oxygen Diffusion on the Magnetic Properties and Thermal Stability of Pd/CoFeB/Pd/Ta Heterostructure
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• Odd symmetry planar Hall effect: A method of detecting current-induced in-plane magnetization switching
• Current-induced spin-orbit torque on the surface of a transition metal dichalcogenide connected to a two-dimensional ferromagnet CrI${}_3$: Effects of twisting and gating