Spin Transport at Interfaces with Spin-Orbit Coupling: Formalism

Abstract

We generalize magnetoelectronic circuit theory to account for spin transfer to and from the atomic lattice via interfacial spin-orbit coupling. This enables a proper treatment of spin transport at interfaces between a ferromagnet and a heavy-metal non-magnet. This generalized approach describes spin transport in terms of drops in spin and charge accumulations across the interface (as in the standard approach), but additionally includes the responses from in-plane electric fields and offsets in spin accumulations. A key finding is that in-plane electric fields give rise to spin accumulations and spin currents that can be polarized in any direction, generalizing the Rashba-Edelstein and spin Hall effects. The spin accumulations exert torques on the magnetization at the interface when they are misaligned from the magnetization. The additional out-of-plane spin currents exert torques via the spin-transfer mechanism on the ferromagnetic layer. To account for these phenomena we also describe spin torques within the generalized circuit theory. The additional effects included in this generalized circuit theory suggest modifications in the interpretations of experiments involving spin orbit torques, spin pumping, spin memory loss, the Rashba-Edelstein effect, and the spin Hall magnetoresistance.

References in corpus (12)

• Dissipationless Quantum Spin Current at Room Temperature
• Spin Transfer Torques
• Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance
• Current induced electron spin polarization in strained semiconductors
• Spin Transport at Interfaces with Spin-Orbit Coupling: Phenomenology
• Interface enhancement of Gilbert damping from first-principles
• Spin Hall Angle Quantification from Spin Pumping and Microwave Photoresistance
• Experimental Demonstration of the Co-existence of the Spin Hall and Rashba Effects in beta-Tantalum/Ferromagnet Bilayers
• Tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance driven by resonant surface states: First-principles calculations of Fe(001) surface
• Non-Abelian gauge fields in the gradient expansion: generalized Boltzmann and Eilenberger equations
• Spin-orbit torques in L1${}_0$-FePt/Pt thin films driven by electrical and thermal currents
• Large Tunneling Anisotropic Magneto-Seebeck Effect in a CoPt|MgO|Pt Tunnel Junction

Cited by in corpus (87)

• Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
• Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism
• Roadmap of spin-orbit torques
• Spin-orbit torques induced by interface-generated spin currents
• Observation of spin splitting torque in a collinear antiferromagnet RuO2
• Spin Transport at Interfaces with Spin-Orbit Coupling: Phenomenology
• Interface-generated spin currents
• Efficient conversion of orbital Hall current to spin current for spin-orbit torque switching
• Giant orbital Hall effect and orbital-to-spin conversion in 3d, 5d, and 4f metallic heterostructures
• Theory of Current-Induced Angular Momentum Transfer Dynamics in Spin-Orbit Coupled Systems
• Thickness dependence of spin-orbit torques generated by WTe2
• Observation of Spin-Orbit Effects with Spin Rotation Symmetry
• Spin-orbit torques in NbSe${}_2$/Permalloy bilayers
• Perspectives of Electrically generated spin currents in ferromagnetic materials
• Interface enhanced spin-orbit torques and current-induced magnetization switching of Pd/Co/AlO${}_x$ layers
• Spin-orbit torques from interfacial spin-orbit coupling for various interfaces
• Intrinsic spin-orbit torque arising from Berry curvature in metallic-magnet/Cu-oxide interface
• Spin-memory loss due to spin-orbit coupling at ferromagnet/heavy-metal interfaces: Ab initio spin-density matrix approach
• Disorder Dependence of Interface Spin Memory Loss
• Current-induced spin torques on single GdFeCo magnetic layers
• Thermal contribution to the spin-orbit torque in metallic/ferrimagnetic systems
• Interfacial spin-orbit torques
• Large Spin Anomalous Hall Effect in L1${}_0$-FePt: Symmetry and Magnetization Switching
• Damping-like Torque in Monolayer 1T-TaS${}_2$
• First-principles calculation of spin-orbit torque in a Co/Pt bilayer
• Ballistic spin transport in the presence of interfaces with strong spin-orbit coupling
• Current-Induced Torques with Dresselhaus Symmetry Due to Resistance Anisotropy in 2D Materials
• Effects of transition-metal spacers on the spin-orbit torques, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co bilayers
• Theory of current-induced spin polarizations in an electron gas
• Magnetization switching induced by spin-orbit torque from Co2MnGa magnetic Weyl semimetal thin films
• Spin-orbit torque switching of perpendicular magnetization in ferromagnetic trilayers
• Suppression of the fieldlike spin-orbit torque efficiency due to the magnetic proximity effect in ferromagnet/platinum bilayers
• Thickness dependence of unidirectional spin-Hall magnetoresistance in metallic bilayers
• Interfacial contributions to spin-orbit torque and magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers
• Effects of Oxidation of Top and Bottom Interfaces on the Electric, Magnetic, and Spin-Orbit Torque Properties of Pt/Co/AlOx Trilayers
• Spin-Orbit Torques in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Ferromagnet Heterostructures
• Spin-flip diffusion length in 5d transition metal elements: a first-principles benchmark
• Breakdown of the drift-diffusion model for transverse spin transport in a disordered Pt film
• Boundary conditions for spin and charge diffusion in the presence of interfacial spin-orbit coupling
• Unified theory of magnetization dynamics with relativistic and nonrelativistic spin torques
• Interfacial Spin Seebeck effect in noncollinear magnetic systems
• Impact of gigahertz and terahertz transport regimes on spin propagation and conversion in the antiferromagnet IrMn
• Interfacial spin Hall effect and spin swapping in Fe|Au bilayer from first principles
• Interfacial Rashba magnetoresistance of two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Generalized magnetoelectronic circuit theory and spin relaxation at interfaces in magnetic multilayers
• Spin transparency for an interface of an ultrathin magnet within the spin dephasing length
• Large interfacial spin-orbit torques in layered antiferromagnetic insulator NiPS${}_3$/ferromagnet bilayers
• Experimental evidence of spin-orbit torque from metallic interfaces
• Spin transport at finite temperatures: A first-principles study for ferromagnetic$|$nonmagnetic interfaces
• Bulk and interface spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/MgO thin film structures
• Spin-current-related magnetoresistance in epitaxial Pt/Co bilayers in the presence of spin Hall effect and Rashba-Edelstein effect
• Spin Hall effect from hybridized 3$d$-4$p$ orbitals
• Semi-realistic tight-binding model for spin-orbit torques
• Spin-orbit-torque and magnetic damping in tailored ferromagnetic bilayers
• Measurement of the Spin Absorption Anisotropy in Lateral Spin Valves
• Spin-orbit torques and tunable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Co/Cu/Co trilayers
• Spin-charge coupled dynamics driven by a time-dependent magnetization
• Deciphering the origin of spin current in spintronic terahertz emitters and its imprint on their electromagnetic radiation via time-dependent density functional theory
• Insights into spin and charge currents crossing ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic interfaces induced by spin and anomalous Hall effect
• Interfacial Spin-Orbit Torques and Magnetic Anisotropy in WSe${}_2$/Permalloy Bilayers
• Understanding current-driven dynamics of magnetic Néel walls in heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal/oxide trilayers
• Interfacial mechanism in the anomalous Hall effect of Co/Bi${}_2$O${}_3$ bilayers
• Spin-memory loss induced by bulk spin-orbit coupling at ferromagnet/heavy-metal interfaces
• Enhancement of Spin-Charge Conversion Efficiency for Co${}_3$Sn${}_2$S${}_2$ across Transition from Paramagnetic to Ferromagnetic Phase
• Effect of capping layer on spin-orbit torques
• Local spin Hall conductivity
• Spin current injection at magnetic insulator/superconductor interfaces
• Theory of in-plane current induced spin torque in metal/ferromagnet bilayers
• Calculating interface transport parameters at finite temperatures: Nonmagnetic interfaces
• Enhancement of spin-orbit torque efficiency by tailoring interfacial spin-orbit coupling in Pt-based magnetic multilayers
• Finite-frequency spin conductance of a ferro-/ferrimagnetic-insulator|normal-metal interface
• Efficient field-free perpendicular magnetization switching by a magnetic spin Hall effect
• Spin-orbit torques due to topological insulator surface states: an in-plane magnetization as a probe of extrinsic spin-orbit scattering
• Tunneling anisotropic spin galvanic effect
• Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction induced extrinsic linewidth broadening of ferromagnetic resonance
• Newton's second law in spin-orbit torque
• Angle-Dependent Magnetoresistance Induced by Interface-Generated Spin Current in RuO${}_2$/Permalloy Heterostructures
• The spin Hall effect
• First-principles calculations of spin-orbit torques in Mn${}_2$Au/heavy-metal bilayers
• Nonresonant amplification of coherent spin waves through voltage-induced interface magnetoelectric effect and spin-transfer torque
• Direct determination of Spin-Orbit torque by using dc current-voltage characteristics
• Injection of orbital angular momentum into transition metals from first-principles
• Quantification of interfacial spin-charge conversion in metal/insulator hybrid structures by generalized boundary conditions
• Transport properties of Rashba conducting strips coupled to magnetic moments with spiral order
• Influences of interfacial oxidization on surface magnetic energy, magnetic damping and spin-orbit-torques in Pt / ferromagnet / capping structures
• Large spin-charge interconversion induced by interfacial spin-orbit coupling in a highly conducting all-metallic system
• Spin-Orbit Torque in a Single Ferromagnetic Layer with Large Spin-Orbit Coupling