Switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin-orbit torques in the absence of external magnetic fields
arXiv:1311.0929 · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.94
Abstract
Magnetization switching by current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) is of great interest due to its potential applications for ultralow-power memory and logic devices. In order to be of technological interest, SOT effects need to switch ferromagnets with a perpendicular (out-of-plane) magnetization. Currently, however, this typically requires the presence of an in-plane external magnetic field, which is a major obstacle for practical applications. Here we report for the first time on SOT-induced switching of out-of-plane magnetized Ta/Co20Fe60B20/TaOx structures without the need for any external magnetic fields, driven by in-plane currents. This is achieved by introducing a lateral structural asymmetry into our devices during fabrication. The results show that a new field-like SOT is induced by in-plane currents in such asymmetric structures. The direction of the current-induced effective field corresponding to this new field-like SOT is out-of-plane, which facilitates switching of perpendicular magnets. This work thus provides a pathway towards bias-field-free SOT devices.
References in corpus (3)
Cited by in corpus (190)
- Antiferromagnetic spintronics
- Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
- Blowing Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles
- Direct Observation of the Skyrmion Hall Effect
- Magnetization switching by spin-orbit torque in an antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bilayer system
- Control of spin-orbit torques through crystal symmetry in WTe2/ferromagnet bilayers
- Roadmap of spin-orbit torques
- Skyrmions in Magnetic Multilayers
- Electric field control of deterministic current-induced magnetization switching in a hybrid ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structure
- Spin-orbit torques induced by interface-generated spin currents
- Recent progress in voltage control of magnetism: Materials, mechanisms, and performance
- Determination of the Spin-Hall-Effect-Induced and the Wedged-Structure-Induced Spin Torque Efficiencies in Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
- Switching of Perpendicularly Polarized Nanomagnets with Spin Orbit Torque without an External Magnetic Field by Engineering a Tilted Anisotropy
- Spin-orbit torque engineering via oxygen manipulation
- Strong Rashba-Edelstein Effect-Induced Spin-Orbit Torques in Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide/Ferromagnet Bilayers
- Spin Transport at Interfaces with Spin-Orbit Coupling: Phenomenology
- Orbital Torque: Torque Generation by Orbital Current Injection
- Field-free spin-orbit torque-induced switching of perpendicular magnetization in a ferrimagnetic layer with vertical composition gradient
- Highly efficient spin current generation by the spin Hall effect in AuPt
- Comparison of spin-orbit torques and spin pumping across NiFe/Pt and NiFe/Cu/Pt interfaces
- Quantum Materials for Spin and Charge Conversion
- Tuning a binary ferromagnet into a multi-state synapse with spin-orbit torque induced plasticity
- Deterministic magnetization switching using lateral spin-orbit torque
- Theory of Current-Induced Angular Momentum Transfer Dynamics in Spin-Orbit Coupled Systems
- Origin of interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in MgO/CoFe/metallic capping layer structures
- Maximizing Spin-Orbit Torque Generated by the Spin Hall Effect of Pt
- Chiral symmetry breaking for deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin-orbit torque
- Chiral magnetic interlayer coupling in synthetic antiferromagnets
- Experimental Clocking of Nanomagnets with Strain for Ultra Low Power Boolean Logic
- Observation of Spin-Orbit Effects with Spin Rotation Symmetry
- Experimental demonstration of complete 180 degree reversal of magnetization in isolated Co-nanomagnets on a PMN-PT substrate with voltage generated strain
- Enhanced spin-orbit torque via modulation of spin current absorption
- How to manipulate magnetic states of antiferromagnets
- Spin-orbit torques in NbSe/Permalloy bilayers
- Electric-field guiding of magnetic skyrmions
- The current-induced spin-orbit torque and field-free switching from Mo-based magnetic heterostructures
- Spin-orbit torque switching of magnetic tunnel junctions for memory application
- Two-Dimensional Materials for Energy-Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque Devices
- Spin-orbit torque in completely compensated synthetic antiferromagnet
- Intrinsic Spin Hall Conductivity of MoTe2 and WTe2 Semimetals
- Role of dimensional crossover on spin-orbit torque efficiency in magnetic insulator thin films
- Chirality as Generalized Spin-Orbit Interaction in Spintronics
- Field-free spin-orbit torque switching enabled by interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
- Fast, low-current spin-orbit torque switching of magnetic tunnel junctions through atomic modifications of the free layer interfaces
- Spin-orbit torque switching of synthetic antiferromagnets
- Critical current destabilizing perpendicular magnetization by the spin Hall effect
- All-electrical switching of a topological non-collinear antiferromagnet at room temperature
- Giant interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in MgO/CoFe/capping layer structures
- Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin-Orbit Torque
- Current-induced magnetization switching in CoTb amorphous single layer
- Spin Logic Devices via Electric Field Controlled Magnetization Reversal by Spin-Orbit Torque
- Enhancing spin-orbit torque by strong interfacial scattering from ultra-thin insertion layers
- Large voltage-induced modification of spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/GdOx
- Tuning interfacial spins in antiferromagnetic / ferromagnetic / heavy metal heterostructures via spin-orbit torque
- Deterministic and non-volatile switching of all-van der Waals spin-orbit torque system above room temperature without external magnetic fields
- Maximizing the spin-orbit torque efficiency of Pt/Ti multilayers by optimization of the tradeoff between the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity and carrier lifetime
- Anomalous Hall magnetoresistance in a ferromagnet
- Field-free spin-orbit torque switching from geometrical domain wall pinning
- Field-free Magnetization Switching by Utilizing the Spin Hall Effect and Interlayer Exchange Coupling of Iridium
- Field-free switching of magnetic tunnel junctions driven by spin-orbit torques at sub-ns timescales
- All-optical Detection of Spin Hall Angle in W/CoFeB/SiO2 Heterostructures by Varying Tungsten Layer Thickness
- Spin-Orbit Torques in Two-Dimensional Rashba Ferromagnets
- Interplay of voltage control of magnetic anisotropy, spin transfer torque, and heat in the spin-orbit torque switching in three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions
- Energy-efficient ultrafast SOT-MRAMs based on low-resistivity spin Hall metal Au0.25Pt0.75
- Observation of anomalous spin-torque generated by a ferromagnet
- Time resolved measurements of the switching trajectory of Pt/Co elements induced by spin-orbit torques
- Orbit-transfer torque driven field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization
- Efficient injection and detection of out-of-plane spins via the anomalous spin Hall effect in permalloy nanowires
- Highly efficient nonvolatile magnetization switching and multi-level states by current in single van der Waals topological ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
- Strain-mediated spin-orbit torque switching for magnetic memory
- Unconventional spin-orbit torque in transition metal dichalcogenide/ferromagnet bilayers from first-principles calculations
- Room-temperature orbit-transfer torque enabling van der Waals magnetoresistive memories
- Field-free spin-orbit torque switching through domain wall motion
- Efficient current-induced spin torques and field-free magnetization switching in a room-temperature van der Waals magnet
- Enhanced skyrmion motion via strip domain wall
- Electrical control over perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torques
- A fully relativistic description of spin-orbit torques by means of linear response theory
- Field-free spin-orbit torque switching in Co/Pt/Co multilayer with mixed magnetic anisotropies
- Spin-orbit torque switching of perpendicular magnetization in ferromagnetic trilayers
- Spin-orbit torques originating from bulk and interface in Pt-based structures
- All-antiferromagnetic electrically controlled memory on silicon featuring large tunneling magnetoresistance
- Field-Free Spin-Orbit Torque driven Switching of Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junction through Bending Current
- Anomalous Hall effect and spin orbit torques in MnGa/IrMn films: Modification from strong spin Hall effect of antiferromagnet
- Field-free spin-orbit-torque switching of perpendicular magnetization aided by uniaxial shape anisotropy
- Field-like spin orbit torque in ultra-thin polycrystalline FeMn films
- Energy-efficient switching of nanomagnets for computing: Straintronics and other methodologies
- Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in thin ferromagnetic films by atomic-scale modulation of interfaces
- Advanced Materials and Device Architectures for Magnetooptical Spatial Light Modulators
- Machine-learning enabled thermodynamic model for the design of new rare-earth compounds
- Effects of Oxidation of Top and Bottom Interfaces on the Electric, Magnetic, and Spin-Orbit Torque Properties of Pt/Co/AlOx Trilayers
- Deterministic Field-free Switching of a Perpendicularly Magnetized Ferromagnetic Layer via the Joint Effects of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction and Field-like Spin-orbit Torque: An Appraisal
- Complementary lateral-spin-orbit building blocks for programmable logic and in-memory computing
- Microscopic Origin of Spin-Orbit Torque in Ferromagnetic Heterostructures: A First Principles Approach
- Emerging spintronics phenomena and applications
- Deficiency of the Bulk Spin Hall Effect Model for Spin-Orbit Torques in Magnetic Insulator/Heavy Metal Heterostructures
- Correlated fluctuations in spin orbit torque-coupled perpendicular nanomagnets
- Helium Ion Microscopy for Reduced Spin Orbit Torque Switching Currents
- Materials challenges for SrRuO3: from conventional to quantum electronics
- Spin wave emission by spin-orbit torque antennas
- Strong Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by the Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Cr1-xPtx
- Field-Free Switching in Symmetry Breaking Multilayers: The Critical Role of Interlayer Chiral Exchange
- Cryogenic in-memory computing using magnetic topological insulators
- Scanning Kerr microscopy of current induced switching in Ta/CoFeB/MgO films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
- Current-induced magnetization switching of exchange-biased NiO heterostructures characterized by spin-orbit torque
- Role of interfacial oxidation in generation of spin-orbit torques
- Mapping different skyrmion phases in double wedges of Ta/FeCoB(tFeCoB)/Ta(tTa)Ox
- Magnon-mediated spin currents in Tm3Fe5O12/Pt with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
- Pulse-width and Temperature Dependence of Memristive Spin-Orbit Torque Switching
- Large-Area Intercalated 2D-Pb/Graphene Heterostructure as a Platform for Generating Spin-Orbit Torque
- Unified theory of magnetization dynamics with relativistic and nonrelativistic spin torques
- Field-free perpendicular magnetization switching through domain wall motion in Pt/Co/Cr racetracks by spin orbit torques with the assistance of accompanying Joule heating effect
- Self-current induced spin-orbit torque in FeMn/Pt multilayers
- Nonlinear analysis of magnetization dynamics excited by spin Hall effect
- Spin-orbit torque for field-free switching in C_{3v} crystals
- Current-driven magnetization switching in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
- Asymmetric Pt/Co/Pt structure as a platform for extracting pure spin Hall torque
- Paving Spin-Wave Fibers in Magnonic Nanocircuits Using Spin-Orbit Torque
- Efficient generation of out-of-plane polarized spin current in polycrystalline heavy metal devices with broken electric symmetries
- Binary information propagation in circular magnetic nanodot arrays using strain induced magnetic anisotropy
- Spin texture motion in antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic nanowires
- Spin torque gate magnetic field sensor
- Giant Hall Switching by Surface-State-Mediated Spin-Orbit Torque in a Hard Ferromagnetic Topological Insulator
- Robust Spin Interconnect with Isotropic Spin Dynamics in Chemical Vapour Deposited Graphene Layers and Boundaries
- Novel magnetic-field-free switching behavior in vdW-magnet/oxide heterostructure
- Quantitative characterization of spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Pt /Co/Ta/BTO heterostructure on the magnetization azimuthal angle dependence
- Mimicking synaptic plasticity with wedged Pt/Co/Pt spin-orbit torque device
- External-Field-Free Spin Hall Switching of Perpendicular Magnetic Nanopillar with a Dipole-Coupled Composite Structure
- Highly fcc-textured Pt-Al alloy films grown on MgO(001) showing enhanced spin Hall efficiency
- Observation of Fluctuation Spin Hall Effect in Antiferromagnet
- All-Linear Multistate Magnetic Switching Induced by Electrical Current
- Spin-orbit torque induced magnetisation dynamics and switching in CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB system with mixed magnetic anisotropy
- Spin-transfer torque in ferromagnetic bilayers generated by anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance
- Room-temperature van der Waals magnetoresistive memories with data writing by orbital current in the Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4
- Write asymmetry of spin-orbit torque memory induced by in-plane magnetic fields
- Switching induced by spin Hall effect in an in-plane magnetized ferromagnet with the easy axis parallel to the current
- Valley-Coupled-Spintronic Non-Volatile Memories with Compute-In-Memory Support
- Inplane spin orbit torque magnetization switching and its detection using the spin rectification effect at sub-GHz frequencies
- Separation of Artifacts from Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Measurements of Spin-Orbit Torque for the Low-Symmetry van der Waals Semi-Metal ZrTe
- Controllable Spin Current in van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
- Optimal protocol for spin-orbit torque switching of a perpendicular nanomagnet
- Disentangle magnon magnetoresistance from anisotropic and spin Hall magnetoresistance in NiFe/Pt bilayers
- A four-state magnetic tunnel junction switchable with spin-orbit torques
- Chiral-induced switching of antiferromagnet spins in a confined nanowire
- A versatile rotary-stage high frequency probe station for studying magnetic films and devices
- Staggered spin Hall conductivity
- The Role of Self-Torques in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Ferromagnet Bilayers
- Role of the chiral spin configuration in field-free spin-orbit torque-induced magnetization switching by a locally injected spin current
- Theoretical Conditions for Field-free Magnetization Switching Induced by Spin-orbit Torque and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction
- Current Control of Magnetic Anisotropy via Stress in a Ferromagnetic Metal Waveguide
- Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Structural Origins in Ru-Substituted Manganite Films
- Toggle Spin-Orbit Torque MRAM with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
- Spin orbit effects in CoFeB/MgO hetereostructures with heavy metal underlayers
- Amplifying spin waves along Néel domain wall by spin-orbit torque
- Stabilization of exponential number of discrete remanent states with localized spin-orbit torques
- Spin-orbit-torque MRAM: from uniaxial to unidirectional switching
- Out-of-plane magnetization oscillation in spin Hall device assisted by field-like torque
- Grayscale control of local magnetic properties with direct-write laser annealing
- Enhancing z spin generation in trivial spin Hall materials for scalable, energy-efficient, field-free, complete spin-orbit torque switching applications
- Current controlled non-hysteresis magnetic switching in the ansence of magnetic field
- A Thermodynamic Core using Voltage-Controlled Spin-Orbit-Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
- Facilitating field-free perpendicular magnetization switching with a Berry curvature dipole in a Weyl semimetal
- Field-free switching of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction by the interplay of spin orbit and spin transfer torques
- Effects of Interfacial Oxygen Diffusion on the Magnetic Properties and Thermal Stability of Pd/CoFeB/Pd/Ta Heterostructure
- Diversified Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida Interactions in a Nonsymmorphic Crystal
- Reduction of back switching by large damping ferromagnetic material
- Field-free perpendicular magnetization switching by altermagnet with collinear spin current
- Selective multiple domain wall injection using spin-orbit torque
- Low Gilbert Damping Constant in Perpendicularly Magnetized W/CoFeB/MgO Films with High Thermal Stability
- Symmetry Enhanced Unconventional Spin Current Anisotropy in a Collinear Antiferromagnet
- Harnessing Interlayer Magnetic Coupling for Efficient, Field-Free Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in a Magnetic Insulator
- Threshold current of field-free perpendicular magnetization switching using anomalous spin-orbit torque
- Cluster magnetic octupole induced out-of-plane spin polarization in antiperovskite antiferromagnet
- Thermally activated magnetization reversal in a FeCoB nanomagnet. High-precision measurement method of coercive field, delta, retention time and size of nucleation domain
- Out-of-plane auto-oscillation in spin Hall oscillator with additional polarizer
- Enhancing Unconventional Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency: Numerical Study on the Influence of Crystallographic Texture and Polycrystalline Effects on Low-Symmetry Materials
- Stochastic Spin-Orbit Torque Devices as Elements for Bayesian Inference
- Current-Induced Instability of a Perpendicular Ferromagnet in Spin Hall Geometry
- A Comparative Study of Digital Memristor-Based Processing-In-Memory from a Device and Reliability Perspective
- Strained topological insulator spin-orbit torque random access memory (STI-SOTRAM) bit cell for energy-efficient Processing in Memory
- Deterministic switching of perpendicularly magnetic layers by spin orbital torque through stray field engineering
- A comparison of two different mechanisms for deterministic spin orbit torque magnetization switching
- Anisotropy and Current Control of Magnetization in SrRuO SrTiO Heterostructures for Spin-Memristors
- Controlling spin-orbit torque by polarization field in multiferroic BiFeO3 based heterostructures
- Surface Rashba-Edelstein Spin-Orbit Torque Revealed by Molecular Self-Assembly
- Shape Anisotropy Enabled Field Free Switching of Perpendicular Nanomagnets
- Generating unconventional spin-orbit torques with patterned phase gradients in tungsten thin films
- Enhanced Spin-Orbit Torques and Magnetization Switching through Interface Engineering
- Field-free Deterministic Magnetization Switching Induced by Interlaced Spin-Orbit Torques
- Zero-field spin-orbit-torque switching driven by magnetic spin Hall effect
- Influences of interfacial oxidization on surface magnetic energy, magnetic damping and spin-orbit-torques in Pt / ferromagnet / capping structures