Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin-Orbit Torque

Abstract

Magnetic materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are of great interest for the development of nonvolatile magnetic memory and computing technologies due to their high stabilities at the nanoscale. However, electrical switching of such perpendicular magnetization in an energy-efficient, deterministic, scalable manner has remained a big challenge. This problem has recently attracted enormous efforts in the field of spintronics. Here, I review recent advances and challenges in the understanding of the electrical generation of spin currents, the switching mechanisms and the switching strategies of perpendicular magnetization, the switching current density by spin-orbit torque of transverse spins, the choice of perpendicular magnetic materials, and summarize the progress in prototype perpendicular SOT memory and logic devices toward the goal of energy-efficient, dense, fast perpendicular spin-orbit torque applications.

arXiv commentIn press in Advanced Materials

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Cited by in corpus (9)

• Efficient generation of out-of-plane polarized spin current in polycrystalline heavy metal devices with broken electric symmetries
• Giant coercivity, resistivity upturn, and anomalous Hall effect in ferrimagnetic FeTb
• Microscopic mechanisms of Strong Electron Scattering and Giant Anomalous Hall Effect in high-Curie-temperature Fe3GaTe2 van der Waals Films
• Linear Enhancement of Spin-Orbit Torques and Absence of Bulk Rashba-Type Spin Splitting in Perpendicularly Magnetized [Pt/Co/W]n Superlattices
• Enhancing z spin generation in trivial spin Hall materials for scalable, energy-efficient, field-free, complete spin-orbit torque switching applications
• A Two-Field-Scan Harmonic Hall Voltage Analysis For Fast, Accurate Quantification Of Spin-Orbit Torques In Magnetic Heterostructures
• Negligible current-induced torque from the bulk and interface of Al
• Scaling of Magnetic Domain Walls in Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Systems
• Quantized Spin Hall Effect in Three-Dimensional Nodal-Ring Semimetal: Geometric Scaling and Symmetry-Engineered Spin Response