Spin Transfer Torque Generated by the Topological Insulator Bi_2Se_3

Abstract

Magnetic devices are a leading contender for implementing memory and logic technologies that are nonvolatile, that can scale to high density and high speed, and that do not suffer wear-out. However, widespread applications of magnetic memory and logic devices will require the development of efficient mechanisms for reorienting their magnetization using the least possible current and power. There has been considerable recent progress in this effort, in particular discoveries that spin-orbit interactions in heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers can yield strong current-driven torques on the magnetic layer, via the spin Hall effect in the heavy metal or the Rashba-Edelstein effect in the ferromagnet. As part of the search for materials to provide even more efficient spin-orbit-induced torques, some proposals have suggested topological insulators (TIs), which possess a surface state in which the effects of spin-orbit coupling are maximal in the sense that an electron's spin orientation is locked relative to its propagation direction. Here we report experiments showing that charge current flowing in-plane in a thin film of the TI Bi_2Se_3 at room temperature can indeed apply a strong spin-transfer torque to an adjacent ferromagnetic permalloy (Py = Ni81Fe19) thin film, with a direction consistent with that expected from the topological surface state. We find that the strength of the torque per unit charge current density in the Bi_2Se_3 is greater than for any other spin-torque source material measured to date, even for non-ideal TI films wherein the surface states coexist with bulk conduction. Our data suggest that TIs have potential to enable very efficient electrical manipulation of magnetic materials at room temperature for memory and logic applications.

34 pages; Supplementary information included

References in corpus (3)

• Study of Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect and Orbital Hall Effect in 4d- and 5d- Transition Metals
• Emergent quantum confinement at topological insulator surfaces
• Spin-transfer torque and spin-polarization in topological-insulator/ferromagnet vertical heterostructures

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• Planar Josephson Hall effect in topological Josephson junctions
• Interfacial Spin-Orbit Torques and Magnetic Anisotropy in WSe${}_2$/Permalloy Bilayers
• Spin-selective tunneling from nanowires of the candidate topological Kondo insulator SmB6
• Strain Engineering of the Intrinsic Spin Hall Conductivity in a SrTiO${}_3$ Quantum Well
• Emergence, evolution, and control of multistability in a hybrid topological quantum/classical system
• All-electrical creation and control of giant spin-galvanic effect in 1T-MoTe2/graphene heterostructures at room temperature
• Semi-Quantized Spin Pumping and Spin-Orbit Torques in Topological Dirac Semimetals
• A generic model with unconventional Rashba bands and giant spin galvanic effect
• Giant and anisotropic enhancement of spin-charge conversion in double Rashba interface graphene-based quantum system
• Thin film of a topological insulator as a spin Hall insulator
• Excitation wavelength-dependent ultrafast THz emission from surface and bulk of three-dimensional topological insulators
• Spin torque and persistent currents caused by percolation of topological surface states
• Unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in topological insulator/ferromagnetic layer heterostructures
• Spin-polarization of topological crystalline and normal insulator Pb${}_{1-x}$Sn${}_x$Se (111) epilayers probed by photoelectron spectroscopy
• Nonperturbative approach to interfacial spin-orbit torques induced by Rashba effect
• Spacer-layer-tunable magnetism and high-field topological Hall effect in topological insulator heterostructures
• Quantum Scattering Theory of Spin Transfer Torque, Spin Pumping and Fluctuations
• Scattering properties of the three-dimensional topological insulator Sb2Te3: Coexistence of topologically trivial and non-trivial surface states with opposite spin-momentum helicity
• Conductance of gated junctions as a probe of topological interface states
• Spin-to-charge conversion at KTaO3(111) interfaces
• Spin-Hall effect in topological materials: Evaluating the proper spin current in systems with arbitrary degeneracies
• Current-induced switching of magnetic molecules on topological insulator surfaces
• Persistent currents and spin torque caused by percolated quantum spin Hall state
• Chemical Migration and Dipole Formation at van der Waals Interfaces between Magnetic Transition Metal Chalcogenides and Topological Insulators
• High-performance nanoscale topological energy transduction
• Enhanced torque efficiency in ferromagnetic multilayers by introducing naturally oxidized Cu
• Electronic properties of one-dimensional nanostructures of the Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ topological insulator
• Versatile Large-Area Custom-Feature van der Waals Epitaxy of Topological Insulators
• Effect of surface hybridization on RKKY coupling in ferromagnet/topological insulator/ferromagnet trilayer system
• Spin-to-charge conversion by spin pumping in sputtered polycrystalline Bi${}_x$Se${}_{1-x}$
• Spin and charge transport in topological nodal-line semimetals
• Low power In Memory Computation with Reciprocal Ferromagnet/Topological Insulator Heterostructures
• Room temperature nonlocal detection of charge-spin interconversion in a topological insulator
• Efficient Edelstein effects in one-atom-layer Tl-Pb compound
• Chiral Hall effect in the kink states in topological insulators with magnetic domain walls
• Nonlinear spin and orbital Edelstein effect in WTe2
• Current Control of Magnetic Anisotropy via Stress in a Ferromagnetic Metal Waveguide
• Resonance spin transfer torque in ferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic spin-valve structure of topological insulators
• Spin Transport and Accumulation in 2D Weyl Fermion System
• Theory of Harmonic Hall Responses of Spin-Torque Driven Antiferromagnets
• Voltage-control of damping constant in magnetic-insulator/topological-insulator bilayers
• Voltage-Controlled Topological-Spin Switch for Ultra-Low-Energy Computing--Performance Modeling and Benchmarking
• Enhancement of Spin-Charge Conversion Efficiency for Co${}_3$Sn${}_2$S${}_2$ across Transition from Paramagnetic to Ferromagnetic Phase
• A mono-atomic orbital-based 1D topological crystalline insulator
• Ultrahigh magnetic field spectroscopy reveals the band structure of the 3D topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Ultra-low-current-density single-layer magnetic Weyl semimetal spin Hall nano-oscillators
• Converting topological insulators into topological metals within the tetradymite family
• Engineering chiral edge states in 2D topological insulator/ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures
• A versatile rotary-stage high frequency probe station for studying magnetic films and devices
• Current-Induced Spin Accumulation and Magnetoresistance in Chiral Semimetals
• Topological magnetic dipolar interaction and non-local electric magnetization control in topological insulator heterostructures
• Geometric Dynamics of Magnetization: Electronic Contribution
• Voltage-driven exchange resonance achieving 100\% mechanical efficiency
• Edge spin transport in the disordered two-dimensional topological insulator WTe${}_2$
• Strong spin-dephasing in a topological insulator - paramagnet heterostructure
• Nonreciprocal spin-charge interconversion in topological insulator/ferromagnet heterostructures
• Controllable Majorana fermions on domain walls of a magnetic topological insulator
• Induced Spin-texture at 3$d$ Transition Metal/Topological Insulator Interfaces
• Straintronic magnetic tunnel junctions for analog computation: A perspective
• Tunable Charged Domain Wall from Topological Confinement in Nodal-Line Semimetals
• Nonlinear Edelstein Effect in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
• Interface Engineering Enabled Low Temperature Growth of Magnetic Insulator on Topological Insulator
• Topological Insulators-Based Magnetic Heterostructure
• Search for enhanced magnetism at the interface between Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ and EuSe
• Large amplitude vortex gyration in Permalloy/Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$-like heterostructures
• Unraveling the Spin-to-Charge Current Conversion Mechanism and Charge Transfer Dynamics at Interface of Graphene/WS${}_2$ Heterostructures at Room Temperature
• Anomalous quantum Hall effect induced by disorder in topological insulators
• Spin and orbital Edelstein effect in spin-orbit coupled noncentrosymmetric superconductor
• Multi-band character revealed from Weak-antilocalization effect in Platinum thin films
• Tunable spin-charge conversion through topological phase transitions in zigzag nanoribbons
• Weak localization of magnons in chiral magnets
• Design of spin-orbital-textures in ferromagnetic/topological insulator interfaces
• Dual topological insulator with mirror symmetry protected helical edge states
• Memristive switching in the surface of a charge-density-wave topological semimetal
• Spin-torque resonance due to diffusive dynamics at a surface of topological insulator
• Large Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature in Ferromagnet/Topological Insulator Contacts
• Out-of-plane spin-to-charge conversion at low temperatures in graphene/MoTe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Detection of current induced spin polarization in epitaxial Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ thin film
• Néel Spin-Orbit Torque in Antiferromagnetic Quantum Spin and Anomalous Hall Insulators
• Proximity-induced nonlinear magnetoresistances on topological insulators
• Spin Hall conductivity in Bi${}_{1-x}$Sb${}_x$ as an experimental test of bulk-boundary correspondence
• Spin-orbit Torque Switching in an All-Van der Waals Heterostructure
• Gate-Tunable Spin-to-Charge Conversion in Topological Insulator-Magnetic Insulator Heterostructures at Room Temperature
• Large Spin Hall Effect in High-Entropy Alloy/CoFeB Bilayers
• Electromagnon on the Surface of Magnetic Topological Insulator
• Strong Spin-Orbit Torque effect on magnetic defects due to topological surface state electrons in Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Interplay between Topological States and Rashba States as Manifested on Surface Steps at Room Temperature
• Evidence for spin swapping from modulation of transverse resistance in magnetic heterostructures with Rashba interface
• Facilitating field-free perpendicular magnetization switching with a Berry curvature dipole in a Weyl semimetal
• Coexistent topological and chiral phonons in chiral RhGe: An ab initio study
• Quantification of spin-charge interconversion in highly resistive sputtered Bi${}_x$Se${}_{1-x}$ with non-local spin valves
• Quantum Capacitance of a Topological Insulator-Ferromagnet Interface
• Magnetic scattering with spin-momentum locking: Single scatterers and diffraction grating
• Identifying the fingerprints of topological states by tuning magnetoresistance in a semimetal: the case of topological half-Heusler Pt1-xAuxLuSb
• Proximity-induced zero-energy states indistinguishable from topological edge states
• Anomalously small superconducting gap in the strong spin-orbit coupled superconductor: $\beta -$Tungsten
• Topological phase transition induced by magnetic proximity effect in two dimensions
• Voltage-Controlled Low-Energy Switching of Nanomagnets through Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida Interactions for Magnetoelectric Device Applications
• Dynamic detection of current-induced spin-orbit magnetic fields: a phase independent approach
• Spin accumulation in disordered topological insulator thin films
• Room temperature charge-to-spin conversion from q-2DEG at SrTiO3-based interfaces
• Observation of charge-to-spin conversion with giant efficiency at Ni${}_{0.8}$Fe${}_{0.2}$/Bi${}_2$WO${}_6$ interface
• Tracing Dirac points of topological surface states by ferromagnetic resonance
• Structural Anisotropy in Sb Thin Films
• Spin-orbit torques due to topological insulator surface states: an in-plane magnetization as a probe of extrinsic spin-orbit scattering
• Materials Relevant to Realizing a Field-Effect Transistor based on Spin-Orbit Torques
• Magnetoelectric effect in band insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures
• Room temperature energy-efficient spin-orbit torque switching in wafer-scale all-vdW heterostructure
• Chiral edge transport along domain walls in magnetic topological insulator nanoribbons
• Transmission of charge and spin in a topological-insulator-based magnetic structure
• Bulk spin conductivity of three-dimensional topological insulator
• Topological delocalization and tuning of surface channel separation in Bi2Se2Te Topological Insulator Thin films
• Unraveling the dynamics of magnetization in topological insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures via spin-orbit torque
• Carrier Density and Thickness Dependent Proximity Effect in Doped Topological Insulator -- Metallic Ferromagnet Bilayers
• Designer spin-orbit superlattices: symmetry-protected Dirac cones and spin Berry curvature in two-dimensional van der Waals metamaterials
• Intrinsic nature of the giant spin Hall conductivity of Pt
• Physical spin torques from exactly constrained exchange-correlation torques
• Unoccupied Topological Surface State in MnBi${}_2$Te${}_4$
• Spin texture tunability in Mn${}_{1-x}$Ge${}_x$Bi${}_2$Te${}_4$ through varying Ge Concentration
• Spintronics for neuromorphic computing
• Facet-dependent giant spin orbit torque in single crystalline antiferromagnetic Ir-Mn / ferromagnetic permalloy bilayers
• Observation of spin Nernst photocurrents in topological insulators
• Entropy Driven Inductive Response of Topological Insulators
• Electronic Manipulation of Magnon Topology by Chirality Injection from Boundaries
• Giant Spin Transport Anisotropy in Magnetic Topological Insulators
• Moiré spintronics: Emergent phenomena, material realization and machine learning accelerating discovery
• Probing anisotropy in epitaxial Fe/Pt bilayers by spin-orbit torque ferromagnetic resonance
• Spin Wave Generation via Localized Spin-Orbit Torque in an Antiferromagnet-Topological Insulator Heterostructure
• Interface controlled Berry phase and anisotropic spin-charge conversion in altermagnet-topological insulator bilayers
• Emergence of giant spin-orbit torque in a two-dimensional hole gas on the hydrogen-terminated diamond surface
• Promoted current-induced spin polarization in inversion symmetry broken topological insulator thin films
• Electronic structures and stability investigation of the new class of large band gap topological insulators MTl${}_4$Te${}_3$ (M = Cd, Hg)
• Current-Modulated Magnetoplasmonic Devices
• Strong, Temperature-Dependent Spin-Orbit Torques in Heavy Fermion YbAl${}_3$
• Fate of surface gaps in magnetic topological insulators
• Strained topological insulator spin-orbit torque random access memory (STI-SOTRAM) bit cell for energy-efficient Processing in Memory
• Spin-orbit torque: Moving towards two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
• Spin-orbit torque switching of Néel order in band-inverted antiferromagnetic bilayer MnBi${}_2$Te${}_4$
• Thermal Spin-Orbit Torque in Spintronics
• Emergent One-Dimensional Helical Channel in Higher-Order Topological Insulators with Step Edges
• Orthogonal Cherenkov sound in spin-orbit coupled systems
• Disambiguating electrical detection of magnetization dynamics in magnetic insulators
• Impact of the out-of-plane conductivity on spin transport evaluation in a van der Waals material
• AC Current-Driven Magnetization Switching and Nonlinear Hall Rectification in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
• Investigating spin and orbital effects via spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance
• Tailoring Ultrathin Magnetic Multilayers at Terraced Topologically Insulating Interfaces for Perpendicularly Magnetized Domains
• Bulk-edge coulping induced by a moving impurity
• Orbital Hall effect in spin-3/2 hole-doped semiconductors and its implications for orbitronics
• Characterizing Spin-Orbit Torques by Tensorial Spin Hall Magnetoresistance
• Voltage Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy Based Low Energy Switching of a Ferromagnet on a Topological Insulator
• Theory of Andreev reflection spectroscopy with anisotropic spin-dependent scattering
• Exact solutions for topological surface states of three-dimensional lattice models
• Spin transport in a normal meta-altermagnetic superconducting nanowire junction
• Modeling and Simulation of Spin Transfer Torque Generated at Topological Insulator/Ferromagnetic Heterostructure
• Designing Magnetic Topological Insulator Trilayers for Highly-Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque Switching
• Topological Antenna: A Non-Classical Beam-Steering Micro-Antenna Based on Spin Injection from a Topological Insulator
• Probing magnon-magnon coupling in exchange coupled Y${}_3$Fe${}_5$O${}_{12}$/Permalloy bilayers with magneto-optical effects