Determination of the Spin-Hall-Effect-Induced and the Wedged-Structure-Induced Spin Torque Efficiencies in Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

Abstract

We report that by measuring current-induced hysteresis loop shift versus in-plane bias magnetic field, the spin Hall effect (SHE) contribution of the current-induced effective field per current density, ${\chi }_{SHE}$, can be estimated for Pt and Ta-based magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). We apply this technique to a Pt-based sample with its ferromagnetic (FM) layer being wedged-deposited and discover an extra effective field contribution, ${\chi }_{Wedged}$, due to the asymmetric nature of the deposited FM layer. We confirm the correlation between ${\chi }_{Wedged}$ and the asymmetric depinning process in FM layer during magnetization switching by magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE) microscopy. These results indicate the possibility of engineering deterministic spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching by controlling the symmetry of domain expansion through the materials growth process.

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• Spin Logic Devices via Electric Field Controlled Magnetization Reversal by Spin-Orbit Torque
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• Simultaneous control of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetic anisotropy in nanomagnetic trilayers
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• Benchmarking of spin-orbit torque switching efficiency in Pt alloys
• Transverse and Longitudinal Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance for Improved Measurements of Spin-Orbit Torques
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• Lack of simple correlation between switching current density and spin-orbit torque efficiency of perpendicularly magnetized spin-current generator/ferromagnet heterostructures
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• Efficient current-induced spin torques and field-free magnetization switching in a room-temperature van der Waals magnet
• Electrical control over perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torques
• Strong variation of spin-orbit torques with relative spin relaxation rates in ferrimagnets
• Spin-orbit torque characterization in a nutshell
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• A Comparative Study on Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiencies from W/ferromagnetic and W/ferrimagnetic Heterostructures
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• Complementary lateral-spin-orbit building blocks for programmable logic and in-memory computing
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• Identifying the origin of the non-monotonic thickness dependence of spin-orbit torques and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructure
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• Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque Generation in Semiconducting WTe2 with Hopping Transport
• Spin-orbit torque magnetometry by wide-field magneto-optical Kerr effect
• Pulse-width and Temperature Dependence of Memristive Spin-Orbit Torque Switching
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• Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy density at Fe alloy/HfO2 interfaces
• Voltage-Controlled Skyrmionic Interconnect with Multiple Magnetic Information Carriers
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• Stabilization of the skyrmion crystal phase in thin-film antiferromagnets
• Anomalous sign inversion of spin-orbit torque in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic bilayer systems due to self-induced spin-orbit torque
• Room-temperature van der Waals magnetoresistive memories with data writing by orbital current in the Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4
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• Spin orbit effects in CoFeB/MgO hetereostructures with heavy metal underlayers
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• The Spin-Orbit Torque from a Magnetic Heterostructure with High-Entropy Alloy
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